海水循环水养殖系统生物滤器硝化过程的动力学模型研究

Recirculating aquaculture system（RAS），because of its water conservation, high efficiency, environmental protection and product quality and safety, is generally considered to solve the mariculture environmental pollution, to improve the quality of aquatic products, and effective way to achieve sustainable development. How to reduce energy use and improve system stability are two concerns for the application of this new culture model. The biofilter is the largest water treatment unit in RAS's investment and energy, and the key to be stability of the system, but lack of researches, especially for the biofilter nitrification kinetics. The project will study the marine biological filter biofilm characteristics and hanging membrane suitable conditions, identify biofilm formation and mature in the process of nitrogen removal performance and nitrifying bacterial communities in dynamic characteristics, and analyses the nitrogen removal by building a different packing biofilter, screen the suitable substrates for mariculture wastewater. The project will study the organic carbon and nitrogen concentration during the biofilter nitrification process, understand the ways and conditions of aquaculture wastewater treatment, nitrification transfer, build seawater biofilter nitrification dynamics model for optimizing the design and production management of the biological filter.

封闭循环水养殖因其节水、高效、环保和产品优质安全，被普遍认为是解决海水养殖环境污染，提高水产品质量，实现可持续发展的有效途径。如何减少能耗和提高系统稳定性是应用这种新养殖模式最为关注的问题，生物滤器是封闭循环水养殖系统投资和能耗最大的水处理单元，也是系统稳定运行的关键，但缺乏对其系统的研究，特别是针对生物滤器的硝化动力学过程知之甚少。本项目通过研究海水生物滤器挂膜特性和挂膜适宜条件，查明生物膜形成及成熟过程中的除氮性能和硝化细菌群落动态变化特征，通过构建不同填料的生物滤器，对比分析其除氮性能差异，筛选适合处理海水养殖废水的载体填料，研究有机碳和氮源对生物滤器硝化性能的影响，了解养殖废水处理的硝化转移途径和条件，构建海水生物滤器的硝化动力学模型，为优化生物滤器的设计与生产管理提供理论指导和基础数据。