基于相位简并策略的多模态及复合可重构涡旋电磁波天线研究

Multi-mode reconfigurable antennas for generating vortex electromagnetic waves are featured by high adaptability of reconfigurable technology combined with low consumption and high capacity of vortex electromagnetic waves. They can be widely applied in future smart mobile communication systems. However, the integrated design of reconfigurable antennas carrying multi-mode vortex waves and the multi-parameter optimization of hybrid reconfigurable antennas are quite challenging. To address these issues, the phase relationship among antenna elements in the array antenna is exploited at first. By introducing reference phases and adopting a distributed phase configuration, the structure simplification and integrated design of the reconfigurable antennas with multiple modes can be realized. Second, a phase degeneration scheme is developed and further studied. The phase configuration relationships among antenna arrays with different number of elements and antenna elements with different polarizations are analyzed, then an expandable co-design and optimization model is constructed. The model is optimized using parallel Bayesian algorithm, and thus multi-parameter control of hybrid reconfigurable antennas can be achieved. Finally, the antenna prototypes are fabricated and experimentally tested to validate the design scheme and optimization algorithm. This project will provide theoretical supports and new ideas for the integrated and multi-mode design of reconfigurable OAM antennas. Moreover, the proposed design methods also can be applied to the scientific research and engineering experiments of other reconfigurable systems.

多模态可重构涡旋电磁波天线结合了可重构技术的高适应性和涡旋电磁波技术的低消耗、高容量优势，在未来的智能化移动通信系统中具有巨大的应用前景。但也面临多模态重构时天线集成度低与复合重构条件下的多特性参数设计难的挑战。针对上述问题，本项目首先挖掘阵列天线中各部分间的相位资源联系，提出相位简并策略通过设置参考相位和采用分布式相位配置，获得多模态可重构涡旋电磁波天线的结构简化与集成化设计方法；其次，对相位简并策略深入研究，通过分析不同规模阵列、不同极化阵元间的相位配置关系，构建具有拓展性的天线阵列协同优化模型，利用并行贝叶斯算法进行优化，实现可重构天线多参数复合调控；最后，对设计原型加工并开展验证试验，完善所提出的设计策略及优化算法。本项目研究将为实现可重构涡旋电磁波天线的集成化、多模态化设计提供理论支撑和崭新思路，同时提出的简并方法也可以应用到其它重构系统的科学研究和工程实验中。

可重构涡旋电磁波天线兼具高容量性、高安全性和高适应性，在未来的智能化移动通信系统中具有良好的应用前景。但同时也面临多模态重构涡旋电磁波天线设计难度大、复合重构条件下的多特性参数协同困难等问题。本研究主要针对以上两个问题首先对涡旋电磁波多模态重构实现机理进行深入分析，建立了一种多模态相位状态简并机制。通过引入参考相位并采用分布式相位配置原则，减少了天线单元调控相位状态数量。该设计方法从理论上降低调控馈电网络的设计难度及天线硬件的加工成本。在研究复合参数条件下天线阵协同优化问题时，提出集成可重构单元天线和馈电网络的综合优化设计方法，将涡旋电磁波模态和其它参数共同优化设计，解决了模态数增加导致的馈电结构复杂和调控电路设计困难等问题；设计并加工多款圆极化多模态、线极化多模态的复合调控可重构涡旋电磁波天线，突破现有涡旋电磁波天线调控性能单一的局限性。基于相同思路，进一步提出了一种具有低成本高集成度的电调多极化相位控制阵，其工作状态独立可控，提高了天线系统在复杂电磁环境中的适应性，该设计方法还可推广至更大规模的天线阵列中。通过对天线内部空间及器件在不同工作状态下共享，提出了一种多极化重构天线设计方法，实现了高度集成化的多极化调控。应用设计天线对多模态复合调控涡旋电磁波的传输特性进行测试，结果表明多模态OAM波束具有良好的抗干扰特性，验证了利用多模态涡旋电磁波编码传输通信的可靠性。本研究中所涉及的机理、设计方法与思路可为各种类型重构天线的小型化、集成化、低成本设计提供借鉴和依据。