城市可持续消费的测度与评价研究

With the ever severe resource and environment crisis, sustainable consumption has become one of the important initiatives to relieve resource depletion and environmental pollution. Based on the international trends and domestic status, this project analyzes quantitatively and studies systematically the quality, component and level of urban sustainable development so that the theoretical and empirical issues of measurement and evaluation on urban sustainable development can be revealed. With urban living consumption as research subject, this project identifies the components of sustainable consumption using DEMETAL method and measures the emergy of components. Next the measurement method of component emergy contribution weight is put forward based on the resource abundance and environmental impact of components. And according to the main body of sustainable consumption, the measurement method of urban sustainable consumption index is established. Then evaluation indicators are analyzed and identified and indicator system is established by means of empirical analysis methodology. Finally some typical cities domestic and abroad, as case study, are chosen to measure their sustainable consumption index. And the comparison of and evaluation on the sustainable consumption of typical cities are conducted. Based on the results, solutions to and suggestions about promoting urban sustainable consumption are put forward. The measurement and evaluation models and methods this project establishes will supplement and perfect the theory and quantitative method of sustainable consumption , and also provide theoretical guidance and decision making reference to measuring, evaluating and promoting urban sustainable consumption.

面对日益严峻的资源环境危机，可持续消费已成为缓解资源枯竭、改善环境污染的重要举措。本研究针对国际趋势和国内现状，对城市可持续消费的质量、结构和水平进行定量分析与系统研究，拟从理论和实证上揭示可持续消费的测度与评价问题。重点以城市生活消费为研究对象，运用DEMETAL方法识别可持续消费的构成要素，并对其进行能值测度；分析构成要素的资源禀赋和环境影响，提出测度构成要素的能值贡献系数的方法，建立可持续消费能值测度模型；针对可持续消费的主体，提出城市可持续消费指数的测度方法；运用实证分析方法，对可持续消费评价指标进行分析、识别和层级确定，构建出城市可持续消费评价指标体系和评价模型；选取部分典型城市为案例，对其可持续消费进行测度、评价和比较研究；提出有效促进城市可持续消费的对策和建议。本研究提出的测度方法与评价模型可补充完善可持续消费理论，也为科学指导和有效促进城市可持续消费提供理论指导和决策参考。

随着居民生活水平不断的提高，居民消费造成的环境问题日益严峻，我国城市居民可持续消费的实施面临着困境。如何明确识别出不同城市可持续消费的问题和对策，尤其是定量化的测度和评价其可持续消费水平，已成为了国内外广泛关注的议题。在此背景下，课题组于2014年3月以《城市可持续消费的测度与评价研究》为题进行申报，拟通过我们的研究为衡量和促进我国城市可持续消费提供理论方法和决策参考，课题于2015年被获得批准立项（71473029）。. 围绕课题拟定的研究要点，课题组首先运用文献计量法和网络分析法提炼出可持续消费领域的最新进展、前沿热点、演化路径和发展趋势，界定了城市可持续消费的概念和内涵，为定量化测度城市可持续消费水平奠定理论基础；其次，基于可持续消费构成要素的差异性和消费者的差异性，运用Fuzzy-DEMATEL模型，Grey-DEMATEL模型，计划行为理论和博弈模型等方法，选取居民可持续消费的典型构成要素和有代表性的消费者进行实证研究和案例分析，为政府有针对性地促进可持续消费提供决策参考。再次，课题组运用能值生态足迹、DEA方法，隐含碳等多种方法从不同层面测度其可持续消费的质量、结构和水平，选取典型城市测度该城市居民可持续消费构成要素的能值生态足迹，选取典型行业为案例研究对象构建绿色效率指数模型，为可持续消费评价分析奠定基础。最后，课题组运用生命周期法、投入产出法、相关分析与变精度粗糙集法、熵值法、TOPSIS评价法等，构架了区域可持续发展评价模型，分别从省市层和国家层面构建出一套符合区域特征的可持续消费评价指标体系，对该区域的可持续发展和可持续消费进行评价，提出促进城市可持续消费实施的对策和建议城市实现可持续消费提供理论指导和决策参考。