基于全工艺链碳排放动态模型的低碳工艺规划决策方法研究

The mechanical manufacturing is the main energy consumption business and carbon emission resource in China. And it has significance to implement low carbon manufacturing.process planning is the intermediate link of design work and manufacturing in the mechanical manufacturing system. Therefore the process planning for low carbon manufacturing is an effective method to reduce the carbon emission of mechanical manufacturing. The study selects the classical mechanical products as study objects. Based on the LCA, the carbon evaluation boundary is defined. According to the input/output characteristic and the energy consumption evaluation module, the carbon evaluation function sets are presented. Based on the analysis of energy consumption and time parallel characteristic, the dynamic output model is built. And then the decision model for machining process in low carbon manufacturing is presented. The study supports the research about the carbon emission characteristics of machining process and the basic theory and of process planning for low carbon designing and manufacturing.

我国机械制造业具有量大面广的特点，资源消耗和太排放总量巨大，实施低碳制造的迫切性不容忽视，机械制造过程作为产品全生命周期内消耗资源、产生碳排放的重要环节，对于实施低碳制造具有重要意义。工艺规划作为连接设计与制造间的中间环节，对其规划过程进行低碳优化是实现零件制造过程低碳化行之有效的途径。本项目将选取典型机加工产品工艺路线作为研究对象，基于全生命周期原理界定评估边界，利用产品生产输入输出特性及工艺能耗建模，建立典型机加工工艺碳排放函数集，结合全工艺链能耗特性及其时间并行特性，提出全工艺链碳排放动态输出模型，并将其引入工艺规划问题，提出面向低碳制造的全工艺决策模型，为机加工系统全工艺链的碳排放动态特性分析、建模以及低碳设计与制造决策提出基础理论与方法。

研究主要针对机加工全工艺链碳排放评估模型及其在工艺规划中的应用。主要完成的研究内容包括：选取了数控铣削、车削、磨削作为研究对象，基于全生命周期原理界定了碳排放评估边界，根据其输入输出特性，建立了典型机加工工艺碳排放函数，并结合成本模型、刀具切削路径函数等，提出了基于碳效益、碳排放等切削参数低碳优化模型；从输入输出的角度，对机加工柔性流水车间产品生产过程中所涉及环节的碳排放量进行量化，结合全工艺链能耗特性及运输能耗，建立了全工艺链碳排放模型；针对含不相关并行机的柔性流水车间，在分析机床不同运行状态下的碳排放的基础上，建立一种以低碳为优化目标的调度数学模型。基于该模型提出了在机床闲置等待期间降低碳排放的一种多状态更替的节能优化策略，并设计了改进遗传算法进行求解，最后从系统的需求出发对拟开发的系统进行总体设计，对系统的可行性进行了测试。