基于烟雾粒径分布函数优化的近程脉冲激光抗干扰研究

A urgent problem have to be solved in the field of laser fuze is that how to smog anti-jamming, and hence we study the smog anti-jamming method of pulse laser based on the natural advantages of the mid-infrared and far-infrared laser in the transmission characteristics in smog. Our research contents include: (1) Considering the meteorological conditions and ground surface characteristics, we establish the particle diffusion model of the military smog in free space, and design the analysis method of smog particle size distribution data, and simulate the particle size distribution function of smog in release and diffusion stage; (2) We establish the pulse laser detection model based on the smog particle size distribution function and the characteristics of target and laser beam, and study the dynamic characteristics of echo and optimize the design of pulse laser fuze; (3) We analysis the echo characteristics of mid-infrared and far-infrared laser from target and smog, and design the signal processing algorithms based on echo difference to achieve the goal of smog anti-jamming. Ultimately we propose the method of military smog anti-jamming of mid-infrared and far-infrared laser based on echoes’ difference, and build the experimental platform based on quantum cascade laser (QCL) to validate the method. The realization of this project has great theoretical and practical value for eliminating the smog anti-jamming, and has a positive role in promoting the development of aerosol anti-jamming.

如何提高抗烟雾干扰能力是激光引信领域亟待解决的难题，本项目利用中远红外波段脉冲激光在烟雾传输方面的固有优势，开展抗烟雾干扰方法研究。具体研究内容：（1）综合气象条件及地表特征，建立自由空间军用发烟剂烟雾粒子扩散模型，设计烟雾粒径数据反演方法，数值模拟烟雾释放阶段和扩散阶段的粒径分布函数；（2）基于目标特性、激光波束特征和烟雾粒径分布函数，建立烟雾环境的脉冲激光引信探测模型，研究脉冲激光引信动态回波特性，优化脉冲激光引信设计；（3）分析目标和烟雾的中远红外波段激光回波特性，研究基于回波特征差异的脉冲激光引信抗烟雾干扰算法及试验验证技术。本项目最终提出一种基于回波特征差异的中远红外波段脉冲激光引信抗军用发烟剂烟雾干扰方法，并采用量子级联激光器建立测试平台进行验证。研究成果对脉冲激光引信实现抗烟雾干扰具有重要的理论意义与实际应用价值，同时对脉冲激光抗气溶胶干扰等相关理论的发展也具有积极的推用。

无源干扰（烟雾、扬尘等）是复杂战场环境下激光类武器系统面临生存能力的重大挑战。本项目改进自由空间烟雾时空扩散模型，仿真获取典型军用发烟剂烟雾的粒径动态时空分布；建立烟雾浓度分布模型，仿真获取瞬时点源发烟剂烟雾的浓度分布。针对发烟罐烟雾等无源干扰手段，建立了烟雾扩散模型，仿真得到了气象条件、环境因素等综合作用下的发烟罐烟雾质量浓度时空分布特性；建立了基于烟雾粒径分布函数优化的脉冲激光引信探测模型，得到了不同参数条件下的脉冲激光引信回波特性； 针对车辆行驶扬尘等无源干扰手段，建立了扬尘的扩散模型，仿真得到了气象条件、环境因素、车辆行驶速度等综合作用下的扬尘质量浓度时空分布特性，得到了不同参数条件下的脉冲激光引信回波特性；搭建中远红外波段量子级联激光引信回波特性测试平台，测试了激光在距离、脉宽等参数下的目标后向散射回波特性，烟雾环境下距离、质量浓度、脉宽、反射率等参数下的目标后向散射回波特性，通过实验所得数据对提出的基于相关系数的Frechet距离算法进行验证，证实了改进的算法能够有效地对波形进行识别，且效果良好。本项目的研究成果，能够为激光类武器平台在无源干扰（烟雾、扬尘等）下的信息处理方法和抗干扰算法提供依据。