谷物及豆类萌发过程中微量元素的生物强化

Trace element deficiencies in human diets are a current and urgently important issue globally. This proposal project aims to increase the nutritional value of trace elements in cereals and legumes efficiently. The project will be undertaken with the cereals (rice, maize and etc.) and legumes (cowpea bean,etc.) specially produced in Hainan Island as experimental materials, as well as with iron (Fe) or zinc (Zn) as target trace elements of biofortification during germination. At first, suitable biofortification methods will be developed for the addition of target trace elements into certain cereals/legumes during germination. Based on the establised methods,a series of Fe or Zn biofortification experiments during the process of germination will be carried out on the identified varieties of cereals and legumes with good enrichment capacities of Fe or Zn. The obtained products (fresh products and preparations) will be subjected to the evaluation of nutritional values of target trace elements. Afterwards, the analysis of fortification products with increased nutritional values over raw materials or control samples will be proceeded for the existing species of target trace elements; meanwhile,the molecular mechanisms of increases in nutritional values of target trace elements are to be explored and explained. Hence, the project can provide the theoretical and experimental basis with the reasonable biofortification of cereals and legumes with trace elements during germination, and has vital significance for improving the trace element deficiencies in populations and for promoting the stage and level of processing and utilization of the Hainan Island local resources of cereals and legumes.

人类膳食微量元素缺乏是一个当前紧迫的全球性问题。本项目旨在有效增加谷物及豆类微量元素的营养价值。拟以海南产谷物（水稻、玉米等）及豆类（豇豆等）为实验材料，以铁（Fe）和锌（Zn）为强化的目标微量元素，首先，提出目标微量元素的适当强化方法，在此基础上进行萌发过程中谷物/豆类目标微量元素的强化实验，对强化产品（鲜品、制品）进行目标微量元素营养价值的评价；然后，对目标微量元素营养价值增加的产品进行元素（Fe、Zn）形态分析，并对其营养价值增加的分子机制予以解释。本项目研究可为谷物及豆类萌发过程中微量元素的合理强化提供理论基础和实验依据，对改善人群微量元素缺乏有重要意义，对促进海南谷物、豆类资源的加工利用层次、水平等的提升可起到重要作用。

人类膳食微量元素缺乏是一个当前紧迫的全球性问题。本项目以糙米、玉米及豇豆等为实验材料，进行了萌发过程中微量元素的生物强化研究。研究了以下内容。外源微量元素（Fe、Zn）存在下谷物/豆类的萌发动力学研究。谷物/豆类萌发过程中微量元素的强化。强化产品中微量元素的营养价值。强化产品目标微量元素的形态分析。强化产品微量元素营养价值增加的分子机制。研究表明：适当萌发生物强化方法的关键因素是培养液强化元素的浓度和强化谷物或豆类的种类及品种两方面。谷物及豆类的萌发产品（发芽糙米、发芽玉米及发芽豆子，玉米芽苗及豆类芽苗等产品）均是微量元素Fe、Zn生物强化的适宜载体，尤其是发芽糙米更佳。强化元素Fe、Zn在萌发富集产品中的存在形态可能是蛋白结合态、多糖结合态、无机态。强化产品目标微量元素（Fe、Zn）的营养价值均得到大幅改善（生物可接受量的增幅一般20%以上），其改善原因可归因于谷物及豆类对微量元素的富集增加了其Fe、Zn总量，加上萌发过程增加某些吸收增强剂（维生素C、氨基酸等）含量水平以及萌发和水热加工过程中吸收抑制剂植酸、单宁等的降解减少所致。同时强化产品其他矿物质（Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等）的营养基本得到维持，而其整体营养品质一定程度得到提升。萌发生物强化制取的富集微量元素的产品，有可能作为富含微量元素的新资源，在微量元素补充健康领域发挥重要作用。