盐湖卤水制备纳米氧化镁基抗菌材料的结构调控及构效关系研究

Nano-magnesium oxide possesses durable and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, so it can be as a safe, non-toxic and stable antibacterial material which shows extensive application prospects. Until now, there are lack of insights of the structure-tailored preparation and the relationship between structures and antibacterial properties, which greatly limit the research and application of nano-magnesium oxide. In this project, the bischofite and saline brine with high Mg2+/Li+ ratio have been chosen as raw material, and we are preparing the nano-magnesium oxide and its composites by a complexation anti-drop co-precipitation method combined with aerosol technology. We are plan to investigate the magnesium chloride multicomponent system phase diagram; to reveal the effects of concentration and temperature on the chemical equilibrium law, and to clarify the relationship between organic complexing agents, surface active agents, precipitation agents and dissociation of complexes and particle crystallization nucleation. We will study the key control factors of aerosol technology for preparing nano-magnesium oxide. We are going to reveal the regulation of microbubble aggregation, crystallization and growth; to investigate the synchronous atomizing crystallization and restrictedly recombination of nano-magnesium oxide and saline lake lithium products, halogen gas, metal oxide and other active components into the stable microspheres to obtain composites with high antibacterial performance; to demonstrate their synergistic antibacterial mechanism, and to clarify the relationship between structures and antibacterial properties. Also, their applications as the antibacterial coatings and antimicrobial films will be explored. Research results can provide both theoretical fundamentals and technological guidelines for chemical process for salt lake resources and the development of novel magnesium oxide-based functional materials.

纳米氧化镁具有持久和广谱的抗菌活性，是一种安全无毒、稳定性好、有着巨大应用潜力的抗菌材料。但是目前对以盐湖卤水为原料制备纳米氧化镁的结构调控机制、结构和抗菌性能关系等问题还不是十分清楚。本项目以水氯镁石和高镁锂比卤水为原料，研究络合-反沉淀法联合气溶胶技术制备纳米氧化镁及其复合物。研究氯化镁多元体系相图，揭示浓度、温度等对体系化学平衡的影响规律，阐明络合剂、表面活性剂及沉淀剂结构与络合物解离和粒子结晶成核的关系；研究气溶胶技术制备纳米氧化镁的关键控制因素，揭示微泡聚集、晶化和生长的调控规律；研究同步雾化结晶将纳米氧化镁与盐湖锂元素、卤气、金属氧化物等活性组分限域稳定在微球内，获得高性能复合抗菌材料；揭示材料的协同抗菌机理，阐明结构和抗菌性能的构效关系，并对其用于抗菌涂料和抗菌膜进行研究。项目研究结果可为盐湖资源化工过程和镁基功能材料的研究提供重要理论依据和技术基础。

本项目围绕氧化镁及其复合物的结构调控机制、结构和抗菌性能关系等问题开展研究，探索了水氯镁石等镁盐为原料制备氧化镁的晶体生长过程、关键工艺参数和产品性质；设计制备了球形、棒状、花状、立方块状和片状氧化镁，阐明了合成方法与颗粒尺寸、形貌可控的内在关系，证明了随着氧化镁颗粒尺寸减小，其抗菌性能增加；制备了不同金属掺杂的氧化镁和氧化镁石墨烯复合材料，揭示了Li掺杂氧化镁对缺陷结构的影响规律，阐明了石墨烯和氧化镁复合结构控制关键因素，制备的材料杀菌率高于99%；研究了氧化镁及其复合材料的抗菌性能，提出了氧化镁机械损伤和ROS协同抗菌机理；并开展了镁基复合抗菌涂料制备工艺研究。通过本项目实施，解决了氧化镁抗菌材料制备中涉及的一些基础理论问题，揭示了纳米氧化镁颗粒形貌和尺寸控制的关键因素，为镁资源化工和抗菌材料发展提供理论依据和工艺技术基础。已经在国内外学术期刊上发表研究文章15篇，待发表论文6篇；申请专利4项，已授权专利1项；培养研究生7名，已经毕业5人；培养本科生4名；组织了全国性镁硼资源利用学术研讨会1次，在学术会议上做邀请报告1次。