利用偏心转子实现高速大功率输出的压电马达研究

Compared to electromagnetic motors, Piezoelectric motors which based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramics to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the principle of repeating a series of small periodic step motions through the frictional coupling of rotor and stator, always have the disadvantages of low speed and low power. The speed of piezoelectric motor using an eccentric rotor have a revolutionary upgrade, However, its working frequency is low, which is to the disadvantage of high power output for piezoelectric ceramic. Based on the principle of high power output characteristic of piezoelectric ceramics in high working frequency, this research committed to use an high frequency dynamic working stator to drive an eccentric rotor, to realize a high speed and high power piezoelectric motor. This research will focuses on the study of operational strategy, structure and control system of the motor, and presents a methodology of combining simulation, modeling, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, and experimental test. First, the working mechanism of piezoelectric motor when the stator working in resonant state will be studied, and the theoretical mode will be set up. Energy consumption of bearings with high speed, high frequency vibration, and air friction will be then analyzed. Impedance matching of rotor and stator and the performance of motors with different eccentric rotor will also be investigated. Finally, piezoelectric motor prototypes will be developed, and the design and analysis method will also be summarized. This research will provide a new way for the development of high speed and high power piezoelectric motor.

现有的压电马达主要利用压电陶瓷逆压电效应，通过摩擦耦合和小角度累积实现连续旋转并对外做功，存在速度低，功率小等缺点。利用偏心转子通过轴承实现能量传递的压电马达，因实现了转子转速与定子频率一致，其速度得到了革命性的提升。本项目提出，利用高频动态定子驱动偏心转子，发挥压电陶瓷的高频高功率密度特性，实现高速大功率输出型压电马达。拟采用仿真建模，理论分析，数值计算和测试检验相结合的办法，对高频工作下马达的驱动机理，结构设计及控制系统进行研究。首先对压电马达在定子谐振工作下的运行机理进行分析，建立系统理论模型；其次，分析高频工作下的轴承损耗，振动能耗，风摩损耗，定转子机械阻抗匹配方法及能量传递过程，掌握不同定子结构，不同偏心转子的压电马达性能变化规律；再次分析研究定子动态特性，研制最优反馈电路；最后，分阶段进行压电马达的样机研制，并总结出相关设计和分析方法，为高速大功率压电马达的发展提供新方法。

现有的压电马达大多通过小角度或小位移的积累实现连续旋转和直线输出，存在速度低，功率小的缺点。本项目在前期研究的基础上，提出实现转子转速与定子频率一致的高速压电马达研究。项目通过建模仿真，理论分析，数值计算和实验研究相结合的办法，研究高速压电马达的工作机理，阻抗匹配特性并实现多款样机的研制。项目建立了利用偏心转子的压电马达系统多维振动力学模型，分析了定子动态特性，研究了定子接近谐振状态下马达工作性能，研制了相位变化规律并研制反馈驱动电路系统。项目提出利用质量转移的思想实现了压电马达的速度提升，研制了高速压电马达样机并对其输出特性进行了测量分析。在项目理论和仿真的研究基础上，得到了压电驱动的共性理论和器件，获得了具有功率输出型的位移放大驱动机构，基于此器件研制了仿生压电旋转马达等研究中。目前本项目的研究理论和相关成果在大天区面积多目标光纤光谱天文望远镜（LAMOST）的扫描驱动系统中进行应用尝试。