基于空间大地测量技术的地裂缝多维形变与构造成因活动机理反演

The ground fissure has become one of the seriously environmental geological disaster, which restricts the sustainable economic development, bringing great threat to urban planning and construction or city underground railway engineering and safety operation. But for the special deformation and activity characteristics of the band rupture body, there still exist some key technical problems need further research and analysis. For example, it is difficult to effectively detect different scale deformation gradient in disaster domain, or cannot reasonable describe formation model of disaster. Take the typical ground fissures in Xi'an area as an example, we will study of a series of data processing and reasonable modeling methods based on InSAR and GPS monitoring data and geological geophysical data, to obtain the high precision 3D deformation field of disaster region. Then we will further establish the reasonable and complete disaster inversion models based on the high precision 3D deformation field. Through the above research, the tectonic origin activity mechanism of ground fissures can be will revealed. At the last, we will combine the hydrology, seismicity and ground subsidence data to explain the comprehensive causes mechanism of ground fissure disaster. The research of this project has an important realistic meaning not only to the improvement of researches on geodetic inversion of the tectonic ground fissure, but also to urban planning and construction or city underground railway engineering and safety operation, the prevention and mitigation of ground fissure disaster.

地裂缝灾害目前已成为一种严重制约城市经济可持续发展、极大威胁城市规划建设及城市地下轨道工程安全实施运营的环境地质灾害。但针对这种带状破裂体特殊的形变与活动特性，还存在诸如难以有效探测灾害域不同尺度形变梯度、合理表征灾害成因模式等关键技术问题需进一步研究分析。本项目以地裂缝灾害典型的西安地区为例，基于空间InSAR、GPS监测与区域地质地球物理等多源数据，研究一系列数据处理与合理建模方法，获取地裂缝灾害域高精度的三维形变场，在此基础上建立合理且完备的灾害反演模型，揭示地裂缝构造成因活动机理，并结合水文、地震活动性与地面沉降等因素，全面合理的解释地裂缝灾害综合成因机理模式。本项目研究工作不仅对提高有关构造地裂缝大地测量反演研究水平、而且对城市规划建设及生命线工程安全运营、地裂缝防灾减灾工作具有重大的现实意义。

地裂缝灾害在我国一些地区（如汾渭盆地）已成为一种严重危害人民生命财产安全和阻碍区域经济可持续发展地质灾害。为此，本项目利用空间大地测量技术等对地裂缝现今活动特征进行高精度监测与数据处理，在此基础上顾及地裂缝与断裂内在关系建立了两者合理活动关系模型，并进一步顾及地块差异运动与地壳深部活动特性建立了地裂缝灾害构造动力学成因机制模型，最后结合多因素对地裂缝灾害综合成因机理进行了合理解译，主要成果如下：.（1）针对地裂缝深部活动特征与机制难以直接利用大地测量手段获取的难题，对典型地裂缝灾害域（西安）进行了详实地质勘察与地球物理探测。.（2）针对如何全面、细致获取地裂缝现今时序活动特征，综合运用了InSAR、GNSS、水准、遥感等多源监测手段对地裂缝地表活动特征进行了有效协同监测。.（3）针对如何最优化获取地裂缝活动参数、削弱监测数据粗差与系统误差影响、更高精度拟合推估形变结果及有效融合InSAR与GNSS等多源监测数据，发展了一系列高精度数据处理方法。.（4）针对地裂缝实际具有三维活动特性及与断裂均匀非均匀运动特征，构建了地裂缝活动“向-位错”组合模型及与断裂活动刀刃模型。.（5）针对不同尺度下地块差异运动对区域地裂缝灾害发育及活动影响，建立了地裂缝灾害域多尺度地壳运动学模型。.（6）针对地块差异运动特性与地壳深部活动及黏滞性联合影响，结合地表高精度监测信息，构建了地裂缝灾害域多维弹性与粘弹性有限元动力学模型。.（7）针对地裂缝成因机理复杂特性，结合大地测量定量反演结果、地质、地球物理、水文资料，综合解译了典型地裂缝（西安）内外耦合动力学成因机理。.（8）拓展了新技术（GRACE Follow-On与北斗）在水文与高精度定位定轨中应用，为更好解译大范围尺度水文因素导致地裂缝灾害与地裂缝高精度形变监测提供了新思路。.本课题研究工作及成果对揭示地裂缝灾害孕育、发生、发展活动规律和成因机理，及对地裂缝灾害防灾减灾研究具有十分重要的理论与实际参考价值。