健康导向寒地绿色空间规划设计研究——基于多维特征与体力活动绩效耦合机理视角

Chronic diseases caused by the lack of physical activity have become the primary public health problems in our country. Green space is the main carrier of outdoor physical activities. The subject takes the performance of physical activity as the medium of health, and aims at the existing problems of physical activity in the green space of the cold area, the spatial features are abstracted into three dimensions, which affect the capacity of physical activity, quality of experience and the suitability of microclimate, focusing on the coupling mechanism between multi-dimensional features and physical activity performance. First, the multi-scale measurement technology is used to establish the annual four seasons index database of the green space features and physical activity performance in cold land; Secondly, through the analysis of visualization and mathematical model, the relevance and intensity of green space features and physical activity performance are clarified, the appropriate value and threshold range of each spatial feature index are determined, and the coupling mechanism is explained; Thirdly, the model of activity performance prediction fitting model of multi-dimensional features is constructed, and the way to optimize the performance by regulating the spatial characteristics is explored; Finally, the green space planning strategy and the design guideline of the typical sports unit are put forward in combination with the green space planning and design of various standards in China. The expected results will be conducive to promoting the rational planning and layout of green space, increasing the attractiveness of participation in physical activity, reducing the impact of extreme weather in cold regions and building a green space system in cold regions of active health interventions.

体力活动缺乏而引发的慢性疾病已成为我国公共健康首要问题，绿色空间是户外体力活动的主要载体。课题以体力活动绩效为健康媒介，针对寒地绿色空间开展体力活动的现存问题，将空间特征提炼为影响体力活动容量、品质体验与微气候适宜性的三个维度，重点探讨多维特征与体力活动绩效的耦合机理。首先，运用多尺度测量技术，建立寒地绿色空间特征与体力活动绩效的全年四季指标数据库；其次，通过可视化与数理模型分析，明晰绿色空间特征与体力活动绩效的关联性及影响强度，确定各空间特征指标适宜值与阈值范围，阐释耦合作用机理；再次，建构多维特征的活动绩效预测拟合模型，探求通过调控空间特征而优化体力活动绩效的途径；最后，结合我国绿色空间规划设计各类规范，提出寒地绿色空间规划策略及典型运动单元设计导则。预期成果将有利于促进绿色空间合理规划布局、增加参与体力活动的吸引力、减少寒地极端气候的影响，构建主动式健康干预的寒地绿色空间体系。

体力活动缺乏引发的慢性疾病已成为危害我国公共健康的首要问题。世界各国都在深入讨论如何采取有效规划设计策略改善城市建成环境、鼓励体力活动和促进健康。国务院及各部委相继出台了30余种相关政策文件，贯彻习近平同志提出的“要把人民健康放在优先发展的战略地位”、“将健康融入所有政策”的“健康中国”国家战略”。.绿色空间是户外体力活动的主要空间载体。课题以体力活动绩效为健康媒介，针对寒地绿色空间开展体力活动的现存问题，将绿色空间特征提炼为影响体力活动容量、品质体验与微气候适宜性的三个维度，重点探讨多维特征与体力活动绩效的耦合机理。首先，采用多尺度绿色空间和体力活动测量技术以及多源开放数据，建立了寒地绿色空间特征与体力活动绩效数据库；其次，采用可视化分析、社会网络分析以及相关性分析、回归分析、散点拟合分析等数理统计分析方法，识别了影响体力活动绩效的绿色空间特征测度，确定了各空间特征的适宜值与阈值范围，阐释了耦合作用机理，为“绿体结合”的绿色空间规划设计策略的提出奠定了理论基础；再次，采用可视化评估技术以及数理分析方法，从体力活动服务供需平衡的视角，建构了绿色空间特征评估实证模型；最后，基于体力活动绩效导向，从体力活动容量维度，结合我国各类绿色空间规划设计规范，提出了绿色空间布局优化导则。从空间品质提升维度，提出了典型运动类型空间单元品质设计模式。从微气候适宜性维度，提出了典型运动类型空间单元气候设计模式。.课题在理论层面，重点探讨了多维特征与体力活动绩效的耦合机理，拓展公共健康理论内涵，搭建公共健康和绿色空间桥梁，深化主动式健康干预人居环境的基础研究。在实践层面，基于体力活动绩效导向，提出了寒地绿色空间规划设计优化策略，激发了居民参与体力活动的积极性，推动了寒地绿色空间公共健康效能的提升。