项目驱动型供应链治理的前因与绩效效应：基于项目链与供应链的整合视角

Supply chain governance is essential to coordinate resources and manage stakeholders, and eventually to improve the overall supply chain performance. In the current literature, studies on supply chain governance focus on traditional manufacturing industries which are characterized by standardized products, stable demands, and long-term transactional relationships. Scholars tend to ignore the project-driven industries which are characterized by customized products, unstable demands, and temporary transactional relationships. This project will focus on the project-driven industries. We aim to study the antecedents and performance impacts of governance in the project-driven industries, from the perspective of both project chain and supply chain. The empirical study is to be analyzed through the theoretical lens of transaction cost theory, embeddedness theory, resource based view, and social exchange theory. The project involves three research questions. The first is to analyze the antecedents and performance impacts of governance structures in the project chain formed by the project initiator and his contractors. The second is to analyze the influence of knowledge-based assets and property-based assets on governance mechanisms of the supply chain formed by contractors and their suppliers. This question will be studied in Chinese context. The third is to analyze the mutual influence of project chain governance structure and supply chain governance mechanism and their impacts on project-driven supply chain performance. Both longitudinal case studies and questionnaire survey will be conducted to collect data and to investigate and revise the proposed model and hypotheses. Managerial insights will be provided to industrial participants.

供应链治理对于协调资源、管理利益相关者以及提高供应链绩效具有重要意义。现有的治理研究主要聚焦于产品标准化、需求稳定、交易关系长期持续的传统制造业，而忽视客户定制化、需求不确定、交易关系临时性的项目驱动型行业。本课题针对项目驱动型行业，从项目链与供应链的整合视角对治理的影响因素与绩效效应进行研究。课题将基于交易成本理论、嵌入性理论、资源观及社会交换理论，重点研究三个问题：(1)研究业主与承包商构成的项目链治理结构的影响因素及其绩效效应；(2)结合中国情境，研究知识型资产与产权型资产对承包商与供应商构成的供应链治理机制的影响及其绩效效应；(3)从项目链与供应链的整合视角，分析两者之间的相互关系与绩效效应。本课题将结合纵向案例研究与问卷调查来检验和修正模型与假设，并为我国企业治理实践提供参考。

供应链治理对于提高供应链绩效具有重要意义。本课题从项目链与供应链两个方面对治理的影响因素与绩效进行研究。本课题主要研究内容包括以下三个主要方面：供应链治理的前因研究，供应链治理机制与绩效研究，项目链治理与供应链治理的整合研究。本课题的研究发现拓展了现有理论，对企业实践则能提供有价值的参考。.在供应链治理前因研究上，课题组的实证研究发现智力资本能有效促进跨组织沟通，进而促进企业合作绩效；智力资本也有助于促进供应链智力整合，进而促进创新绩效。此外，人力资本整体上对供应链整合有显著的正向影响。核心企业的产品多样性与供应链整合显著正相关，而产品复杂性与供应商整合显著正相关。企业内部战略导向对可持续供应链管理，尤其是可持续采购有显著影响，课题组发现可持续导向与运营导向存在冲突，对企业的可持续采购有完全相反的作用。.在供应链治理机制研究上，课题组对供应链中的外包项目进行了实证研究，发现企业倾向于利用关系来克服对服务供应商的过度依赖，并有助于提升正式治理机制的有效性，而供应商开发对供应链绩效有显著影响，并且有助于降低服务外包投机行为、提高外包柔性。对我国第三方物流企业的关系资源与创新能力的实证研究则发现关系资源正向促进企业绩效，而创新能力则对于关系资源与企业绩效起到了完全中介作用。课题组还对生产系统在供应链治理中的作用进行了实证研究，发现供应链外部整合对企业运营绩效的作用受到企业生产方式的调节。.课题组针对建筑业绿色供应链治理问题进行了实证研究，通过问卷调研，发现关系治理能促进绿色供应链绩效，但合同治理并不发挥显著作用。针对一带一路沿线跨国工程项目中的供应链治理问题，尤其是本地采购的治理问题进行了研究，发现有效的合同治理是关系治理的前提，但关系治理质量则决定了本地采购策略的绩效。