滇西北高原湿地生态安全动态格局及其与碳源/汇功能的耦合关系-以纳帕海流域为例

The regional ecological security is facing serious threat under disturbance of climate change and human activity.The study about regional carbon source/sink has become the urgent needs of development of the social and economic based on ecological security.Aim at the scientific problem of the regional ecological security and carbon source/sink in key ecological funcition region,the plateau wetland ecological system in northwest Yunnan are choose as a study area where plays an important role for safeguard of country ecological security.Based on multisouse and multidate data come from the ground survey and remote sensing image,integrated application of remote sensing and GIS technology,simulation by ecological process model,characteristics change of macroscopic structure of ecosystem in over 30 years in study area were analysed from the ecosystem,landscape and regional scales.The change of carbon source/sink pattern in different time and space were simulated.Based on this, the regional ecological security pattern in this study area were comprehensive evaluated with change of temporal and spatial by integrated assessment models, its response to climate change and human activities were analysed. Lastly, quantitative coupling relations of regional ecological security and characteristics of carbon source/sink can be analysed through developing comprehensive integrated modell.Further, threshold analysis of regional ecological security in plateau wetland regional can be develop based on the carbon sink function.Undoubtedly, the results of this study will also provide the scientific basis for early warning region and development of management region ecological security.

气候变化及人类活动干扰下，区域生态安全面临严重威胁。区域碳源/汇的研究已经成为保障生态安全的社会经济发展的迫切需求。本课题面向区域生态安全及关键生态功能区碳源/汇的科学问题，选择对保障我国生态安全起重要作用的滇西北高原湿地生态系统类型，针对区域面临的一系列生态环境问题，基于地面调查、遥感影像等多源、多时相数据，综合应用遥感和GIS技术、生态过程模型模拟等手段，从生态系统、景观、区域尺度上研究30多年来气候变化及人类活动影响下，高原湿地区域生态系统宏观结构演变特征，模拟区域碳源/汇的时空格局动态变化，综合评价区域生态安全格局的时空演变及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应规律，厘定区域生态安全与区域碳源/汇特征的定量耦合关系，从而为实现基于碳汇功能的高原湿地区域生态安全阈值分析以及为其预警、管理体系的构建提供科学依据。

研究开展了为期近3年的野外监测，构建了综合遥感数据、气象数据、统计数据和野外观测实验数据等多源数据平台。从个体、植被群落、区域等不同尺度上，分析了区域植被碳源汇特征状况；分析了研究区域30多年来的气候变化特征，及在人类活动影响下，30多年来高原湿地区域生态系统宏观结构演变特征、土地利用变化特征；基于生态过程模型模拟分析了区域内30多年来不同植被类型的碳源汇功能特征的变化规律及趋势，分析了气候变化及人类活动对区域碳源格局的影响与响应。构建了区域生态安全评价综合指标体系，评价分析了区域内不同时期生态安全空间格局及变化特征；探讨了区域生态安全空间格局与碳源汇的耦合关联特征，分析了生态安全阈值突变范围。研究成果为揭示滇西比高原湿地生态安全格局及其与生态系统碳源汇格局的耦合关联特征提供了重要的科学依据，弥补了区域内相关研究的缺乏与不足。