深海钩虾的分类与系统发育研究——以雅浦海沟为例

As a dominant group in deep-sea crustaceans, gammarids play an important role in deep-sea marine material cycle and energy flow, and have very high value in the research of biodiversity, ecology and system evolution. Deep research on gammaridean systematic classification will be an important component of deep-sea biological investigation, and of great help to investigate the connectivity between different biota. In this study, we select the Yap Trench as the major research zones. Combining with the ocean voyage, deep-sea gammarids will be observed and captured. Based on abundant specimens of deep-sea gammarids captured from different landforms of the ocean, this work will carry out a systematic and comprehensive investigation and analysis, to demonstrate the species composition, distribution and faunistic characters; to explore the phylogenetic systematics, and attempt to reveal origination and evolutionary mechanism of the deep-sea gammarids, by using morphological, molecular systematic methods and zoogeographic theories. This work will be of positive and realistic significance in the exploration of deep-sea biological resources, the investigation of biological baselines in different landforms of the ocean and the safeguard of maritime rights and interests of China.

钩虾作为深海甲壳动物的一个优势类群，在深海海洋物质循环和能量流动中扮演着重要角色，具有很高的生物多样性、生态学和系统演化研究价值。对其进行深入的系统分类研究将是深海生物调查的重要组成部分，有助于探讨不同生物区系之间的联通性。.本研究选取雅浦海沟作为重点研究区域，结合大洋航次，进行深海钩虾的观测和采集。本研究拟以大洋不同地貌区捕获的大量深海钩虾样品为研究对象，采用形态学、分子系统学、动物地理学等方法和理论，进行系统全面的调查分析，阐明其种类组成、分布状况及区系特征，同时探讨深海钩虾的系统发育关系，揭示其起源和演化历程。.本研究将对深海生物资源的勘探、大洋不同地貌区生物基线的调查以及我国海洋权益的维护起着积极的现实意义。

本人对大洋37、38航次在雅浦海沟开展的3个Lander站位调查诱捕到的千余只深海食腐钩虾样品进行形态鉴定并结合Genbank中钩虾的COI数据分析比对，诱捕获得的食腐钩虾样品共计6属，7种。通过对雅浦海沟钩虾物种来源进行的初步探索分析并将雅浦海沟钩虾群落组成与南太平洋海域钩虾群落组成进行了比较，基本查明雅浦海沟地区的钩虾绝大多数种类为深渊特有种且深度很可能是控制钩虾群落组成的重要因素，6000米水深很可能是深海钩虾群落区系划分的一条重要分界线。此外，还对雅浦海沟深海钩虾线粒体基因组进行了分析探讨。