超高压处理对人参药材成分和药效影响规律的研究

Mould is one of the factors that affect the quality of ginseng during post harvest handling. The current methods for mould killing and prevention such as the commonly-used sulfur-fumigation could lead to transformation of ginsenosides and the residue of sulfur dioxide. Therefore, a green, efficient and safe method for mould killing and prevention is urgently needed for ensuring the quality of ginseng. Our previous studies found that the numbers of bacteria decreased significantly, and the moulds completely disappeared in ginseng samples treated with ultra high-pressure processing, a green, efficient and safe method for mold killing and prevention of heat-sensitive foods.Besides, no obvious changes were found in appearance of samples stored for half a year under room temperature. Furthermore，the contents of 12 ginsenosides increased in the extracts of ginseng treated with ultra-high pressure. However, the influence of ultra high-pressure processing treatment with different processing parameters on bioactive components and the efficacies of ginseng remains unraveling. In present proposal, multi-dimensional chromatography and its hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques as well as pharmacological approaches will be used to systematically compare the chemical profiles of ginseng treated with different ultra-high pressure processing parameters and efficacies of ginseng samples treated with or withnot ultra-high pressure processing. The potential effects of ultra-high pressure processing on the chemical profiles and efficacies of ginseng would be explored. All these results might provide scientific basis for ultra high-pressure technique applied as a new green, efficient and safe method for mold killing and prevention of ginseng during post harvest handling.

长霉是人参加工和储运过程中严重影响质量的因素之一。当前广泛使用的硫熏防霉方法会导致有害二氧化硫残留和人参皂苷转化降解。研发高效、安全的杀霉防霉方法是保证人参品质的紧迫课题。我们前期研究发现非热食品保质新技术--超高压处理不仅可以完全杀灭人参药材中的霉菌，明显降低细菌总数，样品室温存放半年外观无明显变化，而且可提高人参中12个主要皂苷类成分的含量，但不同参数超高压处理对人参活性成分及功效的影响规律有待深入研究。本项目拟在前期研究的基础上，运用多维色谱-质谱联用技术和经典药效学方法，对不同参数超高压处理的人参进行系统的化学成分和药效学比较研究，探索超高压处理对人参药材成分和药效的影响规律，为超高压处理技术作为高效、安全的人参乃至其它药材的杀霉防霉新技术提供科学依据。

长霉是人参加工和储运过程中严重影响质量的因素之一。当前广泛使用的硫熏防霉方法会导致有害二氧化硫残留和人参皂苷转化降解。研发高效、安全的杀霉防霉方法是保证人参品质的紧迫课题。我们前期研究发现超高压处理技术不仅可以完全杀灭人参药材中的霉菌，且能提高人参主要皂苷类成分的含量，但不同参数超高压处理对人参品质的影响以及超高压处理对人参药效的影响有待深入研究。本项目采用UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS技术对超高压处理前后及不同参数的超高压处理人参进行了定性定量研究，共鉴定34个人参皂苷，超高压处理后人参化学轮廓未发生改变，但某些参数处理的人参样品所测主要皂苷总含量较未处理样品高，有的参数处理的样品则低，表明超高压处理可以明显影响人参皂苷的含量，不同处理参数对人参皂苷含量影响不同。分析超高压处理引起人参皂苷含量变化的原因为：①超高压处理使人参组织松散，甚至细胞破裂，从而引起人参皂苷提取率的变化；②超高压处理使包括生物降解在内的生物大分子结构发生改变，酶活性发生变化，导致人参皂苷类成分在人参加工过程中的酶降解程度的变化。通过采用抗缺氧应激实验、抗疲劳实验、免疫调节实验和抗衰老实验对超高压处理前后人参的药效进行比较研究，发现超高压处理可以提高人参的抗缺氧应激作用和抗衰老作用，但在另外两个药效学模型上人参药效无显著性差异。总之，超高压作为一种鲜人参养护新方法理论上是可行的，但是实际应用中还要考虑设备和运行成本，这有待于进一步研究。本研究为超高压技术作为高效、安全的人参乃至其它药材的杀霉防霉新技术提供了科学依据。本研究共发表论文5篇，申请专利1项，培养硕士研究生1,名，完成预定目标。