浮式螺旋型风机叶片动力特性及基于压电智能材料的叶片振动抑制研究

The blade is the key component of the wind turbine. With the increase of the generation power of the single machine, the size of the blade is getting bigger and bigger, and its dynamic response is also becoming more complicated. For the offshore floating wind turbine, the dynamic characteristic of the blade is more complicated because of the interaction of aerodynamic force, hydrodynamic force and structural motions. Compared with the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) has the advantages of simple structure, low cost of installation, maintenance and repair, and high utilization ratio of wind field, which is in line with the large-scale development demand of offshore wind turbines. This project is aimed at the research of the blade of the offshore floating helical VAWT. Considering the supporting structure (i.e. floating foundation and tower) motions, the geometry nonlinear and bending and twisting coupling effect of the blade, the theoretical modeling method of floating wind turbine blade is studied. The dynamic characteristics of floating wind turbine blades will be analyzed, including the natural vibration characteristic and dynamic response characteristic of the normal operation condition and the typical failure states. The influence mechanism of floating foundation motions on blade dynamic characteristic and the generation power of the wind turbine will be revealed. The key structural parameters of helical blade that affect the aerodynamic and start-up performance of the wind turbine will be determined. Vibration suppression mechanism of helical blade supported by the floating foundation will be studied based on the piezoelectric smart material. This study will be more reasonable to predict the dynamic response of blades of floating wind turbine, and provide guidance for the design of blade parameters of the floating helical VAWT, and lay a theoretical foundation for promoting the development of offshore floating VAWT.

叶片是风机的关键部件，随着单机发电功率增加，叶片尺寸越来越大，其动力响应也趋于复杂。对于海上浮式风机而言，因气动力、水动力、结构运动相互影响，致使叶片动力特性更为复杂。与水平轴风机相比，垂直轴风机有结构简单、安装/维修/检修成本低、风场空间利用率高等优点，符合海上风机大型化发展需求。本项目针对海上浮式螺旋型垂直轴风机叶片展开研究。考虑支撑结构（浮式基础和塔柱）运动及叶片几何非线性和弯扭耦合效应，研究浮式风机叶片的动力学建模方法；分析浮式风机叶片的固有振动特性及正常作业和典型故障情况的动力响应特性，揭示浮式基础运动对叶片动力特性和风机发电功率的影响机理，确定影响风机气动性能和启动性能的关键叶片结构参数；基于压电智能材料研究浮式螺旋型风机叶片的振动抑制。本研究将更合理的预报浮式风机叶片动力响应，为浮式螺旋型垂直轴风机叶片参数设计提供指导，为推进海上浮式垂直轴风机发展奠定理论基础。

发展海上风电工程的理论与技术，是目前国内外科学技术新的前沿领域，对于我国社会经济绿色发展、可持续发展具有重大战略意义。本项目采用理论分析、数值模拟和模型试验相结合的方法，紧密围绕海上浮式螺旋型垂直轴风机叶片的动力特性及振动抑制机理展开研究。.建立了螺旋型风力机叶片的三维非定常BEM气动载荷计算方法，提出了针对浮式垂直轴风力机系统的控制方法，考虑气动力-水动力-控制-刚柔等耦合，建立了浮式螺旋型风力机系统的全耦合分析模型；开发了相关的计算程序，通过模型试验，验证了数学模型和计算程序的正确性；进行了螺旋型风力机叶片的气动参数影响分析，提出了5MW浮式螺旋型风力机叶片参数的设计方案；系统研究了浮式螺旋型风力机系统的动力特性及叶片振动响应，分析了典型故障状态螺旋型叶片的受力和变形；基于螺旋扭曲角优化和增加压电陶瓷，研究了浮式螺旋型风力机叶片的振动抑制。项目研究成果可为海上浮式垂直轴风力机系统的参数设计提供指导，也可推广应用于浮式水平轴风力机系统的设计分析。