两亲性二氧化碳共聚物的合成及水分散性能

The synthesis of biodegradable CO2 based polycarbonate from CO2 and epoxides has been regarded as one of the most promising green polymerization process. But the further development of this green technology is suffering from material performance as well as product type. One of the main problems is the poor hydrophilic property of CO2 copolymer due to the carbonate units in main chain, which limits the large scale application of this material. In this research work, the method of precise control of polymerization process combined with click chemistry strategy is chosen for introducing functional groups to CO2 copolymer with controllable structure. Carbon dioxide copolymer with adjustable water contact angle is synthesized based on molecular design, thus a serial of amphiphilic CO2 based copolymer with various hydrophilic property could be produced. The property of aqueous dispersion of amphiphilic CO2 based copolymer is studied. Moreover, the relationship between copolymer structure, hydrophilic property and property of aqueous dispersion is studied, which could provide us more details for future research work.

二氧化碳与环氧化物共聚制备可生物降解的二氧化碳基聚碳酸酯是最具有发展潜力的绿色反应之一，但是由于分子主链上大量碳酸酯键的存在导致其亲水性较差，限制了二氧化碳共聚物的应用领域。本项目通过控制聚合工艺与“点击化学”方法相结合的策略合成结构可控的二氧化碳共聚物并对其进行亲水性功能化，制备多种分子结构的两亲性二氧化碳共聚物。通过分子结构的设计实现对共聚物水接触角的调控，制备具有不同亲水性能的二氧化碳共聚物。在此基础上，制备两亲性二氧化碳共聚物水分散体，期望得到固含量高和稳定性好的水分散乳液，拓展二氧化碳共聚物的应用范围。与此同时，系统研究两亲性共聚物结构、亲-疏水性和水分散体系性能三者之间的相互关系，为今后的研究工作提供理论基础。

由于二氧化碳基聚碳酸酯分子主链上大量碳酸酯键的存在导致其亲水性较差，限制了其应用范围。本项目通过控制聚合工艺与“点击化学”方法相结合的策略合成结构可控的二氧化碳共聚物并对其进行亲水性功能化改性，制备了多种分子结构的两亲性二氧化碳共聚物。主要研究结果为：（1）通过卟啉铝配合物催化剂和戊二酸锌催化二氧化碳、环氧丙烷与烯丙基缩水甘油醚或糠基缩水甘油醚共聚得到了数均分子量为2-15x10-4，碳酸酯含量>98%的二氧化碳共聚物。（2）通过巯基—双键点击反应制备了两亲性的CO2/PO/烯丙基缩水甘油醚接枝共聚物，研究了接枝率及分子量对聚合物性能及亲水角的影响。（3）通过D-A反应制备了两亲性CO2/PO/糠基缩水甘油醚接枝共聚物，并改善了呋喃类聚合物易发生交联、变色的特性。（4）通过双金属催化剂合成了低分子量二氧化碳共聚物二元醇，并制备了高固含量的二氧化碳基水性聚氨酯乳液。