我国PM2.5控制路线图及其政策机制研究

PM2.5 has become the major pollutant that leads to adverse effects upon air quality in China. Since PM2.5 is a mixture of different chemical components that come from variety of sources, a systematic strategy has to be developed to control the pollution of PM2.5. Both the mandate and market-based approach that have impact on the structure and layout of economy and energy, as well as the emissions control of multiple air pollutions should be considered in this strategy. The Chinese government has issued the “Action Plan on Air Pollution Control” to address the PM2.5 pollution, there is, however, a lack of policy mechanism to bring this action plan into full play, and a lack of mid- and long-term target of PM2.5 control. In order to address these management requirements, this study is intended to summarize the experience of PM2.5 control in the developed countries, and investigate several policy instruments such as cap of coal consumption, regional joint pollution control, and economic incentives, to support the “Action Plan on Air Pollution Control”, and develop the mid- and long-term road map of PM2.5 control in China, and the corresponding policy mechanism and measures.

PM2.5已经成为影响我国大气环境质量的最主要污染物。由于PM2.5构成的多元性和来源的广泛性，PM2.5污染的控制必须使用系统的控制策略，综合采用行政和市场手段,从经济、能源的结构和布局，多种污染物的排放控制等方面入手解决问题。我国政府已经制定了《大气污染防治行动计划》等措施以应对PM2.5重污染问题，但是尚未建立相应的PM2.5污染控制政策机制，中长期的PM2.5污染控制目标也尚未制定。针对以上管理方面亟需解决的问题，本研究将总结发达国家PM2.5污染控制经验，并立足于我国现有的大气污染控制框架和政策基础，针对目前正在实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》，提出煤炭消费总量控制、区域联防联控、经济鼓励手段等政策方案建议；并根据国家社会经济发展情景预测和环境保护中长期目标，研究我国控制PM2.5污染的策略、政策机制和中长期路线图。

PM2.5已经成为影响我国大气环境质量的最主要污染物。由于PM2.5构成的多元性和来源的广泛性，PM2.5污染的控制必须使用系统的控制策略，综合采用行政和市场手段,从经济、能源的结构和布局，多种污染物的排放控制等方面入手解决问题。我国政府已经制定了《大气污染防治行动计划》等措施以应对PM2.5重污染问题，但是尚未建立相应的PM2.5污染控制政策机制，中长期的PM2.5污染控制目标也尚未制定。针对以上管理方面亟需解决的问题，本研究总结了发达国家PM2.5污染控制经验，并立足于我国现有的大气污染控制框架和政策基础，针对目前正在实施的《大气污染防治行动计划》，提出煤炭消费总量控制、区域联防联控、经济鼓励手段等政策方案建议；并根据国家社会经济发展情景预测和环境保护中长期目标，研究我国控制PM2.5污染的策略、政策机制和中长期路线图。