PM2.5控制的排污收费与环保综合电价政策研究

It has entered a new stage for the prevention and control of air pollution in China to reduce PM2.5. Promoting energy conservation and increasing efforts to control PM2.5 in the air have become core issues in improving air quality. Environmental pollution charges and pricing subsidy policies are two well-implemented policy instruments in China. However, due to the fact that implementation of these two policies is too early, the PM2.5 control problems are not fully considered. How these two policies play a role in the control of PM2.5 through the improvement and innovation is an urgent issue to solve scientific problems. This study takes the PM2.5 pollution charge control integrated pricing policy and environmental protection as the research object, establishes the framework for assessing PM2.5 emission reduction policies on the perspective of policy implementation and policy effects, and analyzes the current comprehensive environmental pollution charges and pricing policy in the role of PM2.5 control, as well as policy needs facing major problems. Based on existing policies and systems, the aim of this research is to improve the control and optimization of PM2.5 pollution charges and environmental design integrated pricing subsidy policy. Finally, this research proposes some policy recommendations for the implementation of PM2.5 control based on multi-scenario simulation methods and quantitative cost-benefit analysis of different policy options scenarios for PM2.5 emission reduction effects, especially in the key area of Beijing, Tianjin and PM2.5 policy effectiveness and potential impact.

我国大气污染防治已进入以降低PM2.5值为重点的新阶段。推进节能减排，加大对空气中PM2.5的控制力度，已成为当前有效改善空气质量的核心问题。排污收费和环保电价补贴政策是我国实施基础较好的两类经济政策工具。但因其实施较早，并未专门考虑PM2.5控制问题。如何完善与创新这两项政策手段以发挥其在PM2.5控制中的作用，是亟待解决的科学问题。本研究以PM2.5控制的排污收费与环保综合电价政策为研究对象，从政策执行和政策效果两方面建立PM2.5减排的政策评估框架，分析排污收费与环保综合电价政策在PM2.5控制方面的发挥的作用、面临的政策需求以及存在的主要问题，完善与优化PM2.5控制的排污收费与环保综合电价政策设计，基于多情景仿真模拟实验方法和成本效益法定量分析不同政策方案情景下PM2.5减排的效果，特别是重点PM2.5区域京津冀的政策效果和潜在影响，提出推动我国PM2.5控制的政策实施建议。

本研究以PM2.5控制的排污收费与环保综合电价政策为研究对象，基于vedung政策评估模式从政策设计、政策执行与政策效果三个维度进行了政策评估，分析了排污收费与环保综合电价政策在PM2.5控制方面的发挥的作用、面临的政策需求以及存在的主要问题；利用政策系统解析法，基于行业部门-污染收费因子-收费标准-政策方案的研究逻辑主线，从PM2.5 产生的一次和二次污染物的行业、组分出发，结合排污收费征管模式分析，基于边际损害成本法，研究设计了家具、化工、涂装等重点行业的VOCs排污收费标准；基于健康损失与污染当量法设计了汽油、柴油、CNG不同车型的机动车尾气排污收费标准；采用污染物边际治理成本法，在调研大样本电厂机组的基础上，提出了环保综合电价改革方案；采用成本效益法定量分析VOCs排污收费与环保综合电价政策的科学性与可行性，以及在不同政策方案情景下PM2.5减排的效果。