干旱半干旱地区沙棘绕实蝇成虫搜索寄主与配偶的行为机制

Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) is a deciduous shrub or dungarunga in Asia and Europe. In China, it mainly distribute in the northern China. It has ecological benefit such as soil and water conservation, wind break and stabilization of sands. Since its seed and fruit can be used as crude material of medical and health products, H. rhamnoides is an important economic forest in some counties in China. Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa Kol. (RBO) is a main fruit borer of H. rhamnoides and has caused serious damage to the plantation of H. rhamnoides in some areas. This project aims to study the mechanism of RBO adults searching for mates and host plants, in order to develop attractant for RBO adults in future. Different semiochemicals and nutriment substances will be surveyed and tested to decide which compound or nutriment will play an important role on the RBO adults searching for mate and what is its ways and functions. Volatiles from the host plants will also be indentified and screened to find the most active compounds for the adults of RBO searching for habitat or location of oviposition site. Some environmental factors including temperatute, humidity,wind speed,and so on,will also be watched to investigate whether they can influence the searching behavior of RBO adults. Besides of olfactory of adults, whether the visual is effective to help adult's orientation will be studied using models of different colors and shapes. This study is the first research project dealing with mates and hosts searching behavior of fruit fly in drought or semiarid region. The results could be used not only for development of attractant for RBO, but for the references in the similar studies in future.

沙棘在我国主要分布于北方干旱半干旱地区，具有水土保持、防风固沙的生态效益，同时其果实和种籽具有重要的经济价值。沙绕绕实蝇是沙棘果实主要的蛀食害虫，已给种植地造成较大的经济损失。本项目将主要采用昆虫化学生态学的理论方法和技术手段，对沙棘绕实蝇成虫搜寻配偶和寄主植物的机制进行研究，以了解成虫在寻找配偶过程中所利用的不同信息化学物质和营养物质的种类及其所起的作用和方式，以及成虫产卵定位所依赖的来源于寄主植物的挥发性物质的种类及其作用。同时，调查不同气象因子对成虫趋性行为的影响。另外，还将对沙棘绕实蝇成虫的视觉因素在定位过程中的所起的作用进行研究。研究结果不仅可以为将来研发沙棘绕实蝇的引诱剂打下理论基础，也为研究干旱、半干旱地区其它实蝇类昆虫的行为机制提供借鉴。

沙棘绕实蝇是沙棘的主要蛀果害虫。本项目研究清楚了沙棘绕实蝇在内蒙古西部的生物学习性和生活史；研究成功成虫的室内饲养技术，并利用人工饲料可将幼虫饲养到蛹；对成虫羽化、交配、化蛹等行为的昼夜节律进行了研究；对寄主植物沙棘的果实、枝叶挥发物进行进行了提取，采用气-质联用仪进行种类鉴定和气相-触角电位联用仪进行电生理活性研究，已明确几种醇、酯类化合物具有触角电生理活性；对雌、雄成虫虫体的挥发物进行了提取与鉴定，发现雄虫可释放古巴烯，触角电位结果显示其可能是雄虫释放的性信息素类物质；通过对不同实蝇类引诱剂进行筛选，找到一类成本低、引诱性强的化合物，并就该引诱剂在林间的持效期、引诱距离、诱捕器设置高度等进行了研究，研究结果可直接应用于指导生产；对不同类别生物农药毒杀成虫的效果进行了研究，发现阿维菌素和高效氯氟氰菊酯的触杀效果较显著，其次为苦参碱，印楝素的触杀效果不显著；在上述研究的基础上，将引诱剂与生物农药混合采用包埋技术制作诱杀性微球，在初步的田间生测中取得了较好的效果；研究了成虫对不同颜色、不同形状、不同体积大小物体的趋性，发现其对黄色大型球体有较强的正趋性；调查发现有的沙棘无性系几乎不受沙棘绕实蝇的危害，通过检测抗性和非抗性两种无性系果实、叶片在实蝇两种不同发生期的次生代谢物和酶活性，结果表明抗虫无性系的总酚含量、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量均较高于对照无系性，挥发性物质种类及含量在两种无性系植株的不同组织中均有显著差异，尤其是酯类物质种类及含量在抗虫无性系中显著低于对照无性系，而醇类物质含量明显高于对照，非挥发性物质山奈酚在抗虫无性系中的含量明显高于对照无性系，果实中的异鼠李素含量较对照无性系高出43%，抗虫无性系的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶的活性均较对照高，初步揭示了抗虫性沙棘无性系的生理生化特征，为进一步研究沙棘的抗虫性机制提供了依据。