哈萨克族肥胖儿童口腔与肠道微生物群落相关性研究

The imbalance of main microflora in the gut plays an important role in the process of children's obesity. As the entrance of the digestive tract, oral cavity is accounted as a "repository" of intestinal microflora, and oral microflora can be shifted to the gut, changing the colonization of intestinal microflora. To explore the constitution and the diversity of oral and intestinal microflora, the qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted in Kazak obesity and normal children who aged between 3-5 years-old using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques of dental, salivary and fecal samples, analyzing the correlation between oral and intestinal microflora. Three part of content is included in this study: 1. Establishing the obesity and dental caries epidemiological databases and biological samples library (dental plaque and saliva, fecal) in Kazak children. 2. Exploring the constitution and the diversity of oral and intestinal microflora between Kazak obesity and normal children who aged between 3-5 years-old. 3. Identification and comparing homologous of oral and intestinal microflora of Kazak obesity and normal children, analyzing the difference and correlation and making a predictive analysis of the metabolic pathway of the microbial community.

肠道主要菌群比例失衡在儿童肥胖发生过程中发挥重要作用，口腔作为消化道的入口，也是肠道微生物的“储存库”，口腔微生物可移位定植到肠道并影响肠道微生物变化，本课题利用16S rDNA高通量测序和实时荧光定量PCR方法对哈萨克族3-5岁肥胖和正常儿童口腔、肠道微生物群落行定性和定量分析，全面探索肥胖/正常儿童口腔和肠道微生物群落组成谱与多样性差异，识别可能与哈萨克学龄前儿童肥胖症相关关键菌属，揭示肥胖可能与肠道菌群和口腔菌群存在的相互关系。研究包括：1.建立哈萨克族学龄前儿童肥胖/龋病流行病学资料库及牙菌斑、唾液、粪便生物标本库。2.研究哈萨克族肥胖/正常儿童口腔微生物群落组成谱与多样性差异。3.鉴定哈萨克族学龄前肥胖/正常儿童口腔和肠道核心菌群，比较哈萨克族学龄前肥胖/正常儿童口腔和肠道微生物群落同源及差异性，对微生物群落代谢途径进行预测分析，探讨口腔和肠道核心微生物群落与肥胖症的相关性。

口腔是除了肠道外，人体第二大微生物储存库，口腔和肠道中微生物的平衡与失衡在肥胖的发生发展过程中起重要作用。本课题通过对乌鲁木齐市3~5岁儿童口腔健康状况、肥胖状况进行流行病学调查，留取口腔唾液及肠道粪便样本，并利用16S rRNA高通量测序对肥胖和正常体重儿童口腔、肠道样本微生物群落进行分析，流行病学调查结果发现：乌鲁木齐市3-5岁儿童患龋率为73.15%，龋均为4.02，肥胖患病率为11.93% ；儿童龋病和肥胖的发生与年龄、饮食习惯等多个因素有关；微生物测序结果表明：肥胖儿童肠道菌群缺乏多样性；肥胖儿童与正常体重儿童的口腔和肠道微生物群落组成谱具有差异，产线菌属、丁酸弧菌属，粪杆菌属、Tyzzerella等菌属可能是乌鲁木齐市学龄前儿童肥胖相关的关键菌属，本研究结果为微生物检测技术辅助诊断肥胖提供了理论基础，为儿童肥胖的预防提供了新思路。本课题发表相关学术论文13篇，其中SCI收录2篇，核心期刊论文11篇，培养博士1名，硕士12名。