釉中晶粒生长与调控的机理及其对釉面性能的影响

Glazes of traditional ceramics not only have decoration and antifouling effect,but also may improve the performances of the ceramics and give them some new functions(Such as photocatalysis, anti-static,self-cleaning, generate or reflect infrared ray,etc.).In addition,glazed products may use low-quality raw materials to prepare their green bodies which will save a lot of quality raw materials. Based on the important position of the glazes in the manufacture of traditional ceramics,and the need to transparent wear-resisting glaze and multi-functional glaze,we propose the project to investigate how the composition, raw mterials and their finenesses, firing schedule to influence the grain formation and growth in the glaze by the experiments and theoretical analysis. The thermodynamic conditions of glaze devitrification and the dynamic conditions to control grain growth will be probed by measuring grain size and quantity accurately under different experiment conditions. We try to put forward the method that the grains may form and grow in the glaze under control. Based on the above, the preparation of nano grain glaze will be tried by the ways such as increasing the quantity of crystal seeds,ajusting the quantity of the crystal compositions,changing the viscosity and sintering schedules,etc. We expect a breakthrough to obtain the principle and method for preparing the glaze containing nanometer crystals. The effects of grain type, size and content in traditional ceramic glaze on its mechanics, optics, electrical performance, aesthetics and cleaning performance, etc. will be tested and analysed.The rules among them will be summarized. We hope these research results will provide reference and theoretical basis for high performance ceramic glaze.

传统陶瓷的釉不仅具有装饰和防污作用，而且能够改善陶瓷产品性能和赋予其新的功能（比如光催化、防静电、自洁、产生或者反射红外线等）。此外，有釉产品往往可以用低品质原料做坯体，可节约大量优质原料。基于釉在传统陶瓷制造中的重要地位，以及近年来对透明耐磨釉和多功能釉的需求，同时考虑到这些需求几乎都与釉中晶粒种类、大小和数量有关。本项目拟对釉的成分和这些成分的引入方法、细度、烧成制度等对晶粒的形成和长大的影响进行研究，通过精确测定不同条件下晶粒大小和数量，探讨釉析晶的热力学条件以及控制晶粒生长的动力学条件，提出使晶粒能够在釉中受控生成和长大的方法并解释其机理。在此基础上，研究晶种、析晶物质的量、釉的粘度、表面张力和烧成制度等对形成含纳米晶釉的影响。项目还将研究晶粒大小、形貌和含量对釉面显微结构及其力学、光学、电学性能、易清洁性等的影响，探索其机理，为制备传统陶瓷用的高性能釉提供理论基础。

本项目对传统陶瓷釉中晶体析出和长大机理进行了比较深入的研究，研究了应用面大的锆釉、钛釉以及新型的尖晶石釉等传统釉中晶粒形成的机制，并由此提出了一些制备陶瓷釉的新技术，部分成果已经在相关陶瓷企业进行产业化。项目成果已经申请发明专利8件，在Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Journal of the European Ceramic Society，Ceramics International,Journal of Membrane Science等学术刊物上发表论文32篇.项目对釉中的硅酸锆、氧化锆、氧化钛、钛榍石、堇青石以及尖晶石等晶体在釉中析出的机理以及热力学和动力学条件进行了研究。分析了釉料配方、温度和时间等工艺参数对釉料析晶的影响，总结了传统陶瓷釉料析晶以及晶粒长大的热力学和动力学条件以及釉中晶粒大小和晶相量等对釉性能的影响。在机理研究的基础上，项目研究出了热反射釉、尖晶石釉、堇青石釉、光催化釉、氧化锆硅酸锆共生技术等新技术和新产品，通过在釉中生成钛榍石晶粒研发出的适合冬暖夏热地区的太阳热反射陶瓷，其反射比超过97%。利用堇青石与长石质玻璃相近的折射率的特点，实现了透明釉的预应力化和高强化。本项目还对陶瓷膜的制备方法进行了探讨，提出了一步法快速制备陶瓷膜等能明显提高陶瓷膜制备效率和通量的技术。这些成果对于指导传统陶瓷的升级换代具有重要的理论意义和实用价值，具有广阔的应用前景。