高速交会目标的超宽带雷达三维成像

Relative localization technology of high-speed rendezvous target can be widely used in various applications, such as for terminal guidance，radio proximity fuze and miss distance measurement system. Current measurement precision is limited by the little known about the scattering characteristics of high speed rendezvous target. Based on the adopted principle of current radar system and the corresponding signal processing method, it is hard to further improve its measurement accuracy and capability. To overcome the bottleneck of the relative localization technology of high-speed rendezvous target, ultra-wideband radar will be utilized in this project due to its high range resolution. This project aims to study the time-varying scattering characteristics of high speed rendezvous complex body target and develop a mechanical scattering center model related to target’s physical parameters, radar signal and motion trajectory parameters. Then the corresponding signal processing method, such as target detection, estimation of one-dimensional range profiles and motion trajectory parameters, motion compensation, estimation of rotation angle, will be developed for reconstructing high resolution three-dimensional imaging of the target. The results of this project will provide theory foundation and technology support for forming all-time and all weather decimeter-level three-dimensional imaging capability which can be applied to terminal guidance，radio proximity fuze and miss distance measurement system et al.

高速交会目标相对定位技术在导弹末制导、无线电引信和武器命中精度评定等领域应用广泛。受限于对高速交会过程中复杂体目标散射特性的认识，当前采用的测量雷达体制及信号处理方法难以进一步提升其测量精度和测量能力。本项目针对高速交会目标相对定位测量技术的瓶颈，充分利用冲激超宽带雷达的距离高分辨能力，着重研究高速交会过程中复杂体目标超宽带时变散射特性，建立以目标属性、雷达系统参数、运动轨迹参数等为主要模型参数的机理性散射中心模型，提出与之相适应的目标检测、一维距离像估计、目标运动轨迹参数估计、目标回波运动补偿、转角估计方法，实现高分辨率的目标三维成像。本项目研究成果可为我国导弹末制导、无线电引信和脱靶量测量等领域形成全天时、全天候的分米级三维成像能力提供理论基础和技术支撑。

利用雷达测量数米至数十米范围高速交会过程中非合作目标的运动轨迹，可不受光线和天气的影响，在导弹末制导、无线电引信和武器命中精度评定等领域都有着广泛应用。冲激超宽带雷达通过发射纳秒级的一阶或高阶高斯脉冲，信号带宽可达数GHz，具有高距离分辨率和良好的抗多径衰落性能，故非常适用于对高速交会过程中对非合作目标相对运动轨迹的高精度测量及其三维成像。本项目深入研究了高速交会过程中复杂体目标的散射特性，建立了目标属性、雷达系统参数、运动轨迹参数等为主要模型参数的机理性散射中心模型。在此基础上，结合冲激雷达回波信号的特点，提出了相应的目标检测、一维距离像估计、目标运动轨迹参数估计、目标回波运动补偿方法，实现了远场和近场目标的三维成像，为实现全天时、全天候的分米级高速交会目标三维成像提供了理论基础和技术支撑。