基于缓蚀机理构筑的低腐蚀性离子液体润滑剂的设计、制备与摩擦学行为研究

Conventional imidazolium-based fluorine-containing ionic liquids (ILs) offer excellent lubrication performance, but the corrosion problem for metal materials seriously restricts its development and application in the related fields. In order to solve this problem, we proposes to synthesis a series of functionalized ILs with low-corrosion and excellent lubricating properties based on the corrosion inhibition mechanisms, taking the advantage of excellent structure designability of ILs’ molecular. The corrosion potential and corrosion rate of different metals in functionalized ILs are investigated through electrochemical method. The tribological behaviors of functionalized ILs are examined and friction degradation processes of ILs on the surface of metallic friction pairs are in situ monitored. The effect of the molecular structure of ionic liquids on the tribological behavior is summarized. And these results above can provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the selection of ionic liquid lubricants for different metallic friction pairs. The structure-function relationship of the molecular structure, corrosion property and lubrication performance will be revealed through the comprehensive comparison of the results of electrochemical corrosion test, friction test, in situ mass spectrometry analysis and surface analysis, and the corrosion and lubrication mechanism model of ionic liquid lubricants will be set up. The study of this objective will not only provide the necessary scientific basis and technology accumulation for the applications of ionic liquid lubricants in related fields, but also offer important academic value for the enrichment and development of tribology theory.

常规咪唑基含氟离子液体具有优异的润滑性能，但对金属材料的腐蚀问题一直严重制约着其在相关领域的发展及应用。为了解决离子液体的腐蚀问题，本项目拟基于腐蚀抑制剂的缓蚀机理，利用离子液体优异的结构可设计性，设计合成一系列低腐蚀且润滑性能优异的功能化离子液体。通过电化学方法研究功能化离子液体的腐蚀行为，总结离子液体对不同金属腐蚀能力和腐蚀速率的规律；考察功能化离子液体的摩擦学行为，原位监测金属摩擦副表面离子液体的摩擦降解过程，总结离子液体结构对其摩擦学行为的影响规律，从而为不同金属摩擦副离子液体润滑剂的选择提供技术支持和理论指导。综合对比电化学腐蚀试验、摩擦试验和表面及原位质谱分析结果，提出离子液体结构、腐蚀性能、润滑性能的构效关系，建立离子液体润滑剂的腐蚀与润滑机理模型。本项目的研究不仅能为离子液体在相关领域的发展及应用提供必要的科学基础和技术积累，对丰富和发展摩擦学理论也具有重要的学术价值。

常规咪唑基含氟离子液体具有优异的润滑性能，但对金属材料的腐蚀问题一直严重制约着其在相关领域的发展及应用。为了解决离子液体的腐蚀问题，本项目利用电化学和摩擦学测试手段，首先对比考察了苯并三氮唑（BTA）、邻苯甲酰磺酰亚胺（SAC）、二甲基巯基嘧啶（DMMP）和巯基苯并噻唑（MBT）等杂环有机物分子在腐蚀性体系中的缓蚀性能和减摩抗磨性能，明确了几种杂环分子结构与缓蚀、减摩抗磨性能的构效关系。然后基于腐蚀抑制剂的缓蚀机理，利用离子液体优异的结构可设计性，设计合成了BTA、DMMP、MBT及烯基等功能化基团修饰的一系列功能化的离子液体。通过电化学测试、摩擦学测试多种分析测试手段明确了离子液体的分子结构对其缓蚀及润滑性能的影响规律，并阐述了其缓蚀及润滑作用机理。结果显示：P8、P10等DMMP功能化离子液体对钢基底的缓蚀和润滑性能较好；[HBTA][Bz]、[TBTA][Bz]、[BMIM][MBT]、[CHO][MBT]等功能化离子液体适用于铜合金的防腐和润滑；LAB103等烯基含氟功能化离子液体对紫外线、电子束等空间辐照具有良好的抵抗能力，且该离子液体具有良好的抗腐蚀及真空润滑性能。