栅瓣频率相位扫描高增益可重构锥状波束天线阵研究

Conical beam antennas and array are widely adopted in radar, vehicle satellite communication, detection and guidance, wireless personal area network and new generation WLAN. There are still many challenging problems in realization and fast analysis of the conical beam antenna array possessing high-gain conical beam, frequency and phase scanning conical beam and reconfigurable conical beam. In this proposal, high-gain conical beam antenna array with specific flare angle can be realized by using the conical beam antenna as the element of the array and taking advantage of grating lobes, which is a novel solution different from current schemes. In order to achieve the reconfigurable performance, a new concept of grating lobe frequency and phase scanning will be employed. Frequency selectivity and spatial selectivity of the FSS cover will be integrated simultaneously to implement multi-frequency high-gain Fabry-Perot (FP) conical beam antenna. Flare angle of the FP conical beam antenna and array will be controlled by using electronic controlled FSS. According to the characteristics of the conical beam antenna, hybrid higher-order body of revolution method of moment (BoRMoM) and mode matching (MM) will be developed to accelerate the analysis and optimization design of the conical beam antenna loaded with superstrates and complex structures. Preliminary research has been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. In terms of foundational and universal property, the prospective achievements from this research would be of great significance both in theory and in engineering applications.

锥状波束天线及其阵列在雷达、车载卫星通信、探测制导、无线个人区域网络和新一代WLAN等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。在高增益、频扫、相扫和可重构锥状波束天线阵的实现及其快速优化设计等方面都面临诸多挑战性问题。与现有方案不同，本项申请从利用栅瓣的角度出发研究天线单元为锥状波束的锥状波束阵列天线，解决一定锥角下实现高增益锥状波束的难题；利用栅瓣频扫和相扫的新概念，实现锥状波束可重构性；结合FSS的频率和空间选择性研究多频高增益锥状波束Fabry-Perot（FP）腔天线；将电控元件引入FSS盖板的设计中，研究锥角可电控的FP腔锥状波束天线及其阵列；研究高阶旋转对称矩量法与模式匹配法混合的数值方法，以实现对介质加载复杂结构锥状波束天线的快速分析和优化设计。这些研究内容已在项目申请的预先研究中进行过初步方案论证，其可行性得到了确认。由于研究内容的基础性和通用性，研究成果具有理论意义和工程实用价值。

本项目针对锥状波束天线和双波束天线在实际应用中尚存的性能缺陷，进行深入分析研究并给出解决方案，主要创新性工作可以概括如下：.1.针对常见锥状波束阵列天线和双波束阵列天线随着天线口径的增大，导致的性能降低的问题，提出锥状波束单元栅瓣组阵方案，以同时实现大倾角和高增益。设计实例实测中双波束矩形阵列天线在±49.4°的波束指向角上获得了16.6dBi增益；锥状波束圆环阵列天线在±48°波束指向角上获得了9dBi增益。.2.针对带宽较窄的问题，提出了多点环路馈电形式的圆形贴片锥状波束天线，利用环路和贴片的双谐振以及磁耦合效应，实测低剖面圆贴片锥状波束天线在 0.13λ0 的电高度下实现了 65.3%的相对阻抗带宽，且整个带宽范围内方向图性能稳定。.3.针对现代移动通信系统中半域覆盖波束可重构天线设计复杂的缺陷，提出了不同配置的多点环路馈电方案，实现了同时具有笔状波束和锥状波束的可重构的宽带圆贴片天线，实测中笔状波束相对带宽 27.2%，锥状波束相对带宽 45.9%。.4.提出了一种CPW馈电的锥状波束印刷天线阵，共线排列的有限地面宽度的环形槽作为辐射单元。实测中心频率10.5GHz，-15dB带宽为11.4%，波束指向角77度，增益与副瓣电平分别为10.3dBi与-20dB。.5.利用变容二极管控制FP谐振天线的HIS接地板和PRS的反射相位，实现了笔状波束和双波束可重构的FP谐振天线。仿真结果表明，则天线在笔状波束时方向性系数为16.05dBi；改变变容二极管的容值，重构为双波束，方向性系数为10.3dB，波束夹角40°。.6.设计了工作于35GHz的赋形双反射面锥状波束天线，锥角为30°时天线增益为13.4dB，副瓣为-14.3dB。同时还分析了一个半球透镜高增益锥状波束天线。.7.给出了一种基于阵元级方向图分集（ELPD）的线性阵列综合方法，此种综合方法提供了更多一种的自由度。.研究成果在包括IEEE Trans. AP、IEEE AWPL、Pier Letter、IEEE APCAP、微波学报、天线学报等本领域重要期刊和会议上发表论文共14篇，其中SCI 5篇，EI 3篇；申请发明专利3项；参与培养博士生2名，硕士生6名。完成了预期目标。