基于基片集成波导的宽带波束扫描天线阵理论与设计

With the rapid development of moving vehicles communication with satellites, mobile 5G, satellite navigation, radars and military electric countermeasures, the beam steering antenna arrays should have the characteristics of compact structures, high-efficiency, broadband and dual-/circular- polarization operation. Combining the substrate integrate waveguide (SIW) with low loss low profile and broadband CTS array, four research items will be carried out at microwave and millimeter waves in this proposal. Firstly, the theory of SIW-CTS antenna element and array will be studied. The explicit characteristic formulas of the reflection coefficient, patterns, gain for the CTS element, and the pattern, gain and scanning angles for the array would be drawn. Secondly, the frequency scanning arrays with large apertures will be studied. Cooperated with the lens principle and slow wave structures, long ideal linear sources with broadband will be investigated and large apertures frequency scanning arrays with wide scanning angles would be designed. Thirdly, the dual-polarized SIW-CTS arrays design method will be investigated. By simply mechanical control, the two-dimensional scanning with wide scanning angles would be realized. Fourthly, the circular polarization SIW-CTS arrays design method will be studied. After investigating the circular polarization feed network for the SIW-CTS array with large square aperture, the circular polarized array will be designed and the realization of scanning function will be proposed. After completing the research contents of this project, the solid theoretical and experimental foundations of designing beam scanning arrays with miniaturization, broadband, high gain and low cost for various communication systems would be setup.

卫星和5G移动通信、卫星定位导航、雷达及军事电子对抗的迅速发展，对波束扫描天线提出结构紧凑、高效率、宽带、双/圆极化及扫描方式简单等更高要求。本项目将低损耗、低剖面的基片集成波导(SIW)技术与宽带平板CTS天线阵相结合，研究四项内容：1)SIW-CTS天线单元和阵列理论研究，建立SIW-CTS单元精确的反射系数和单元与阵列的方向图、增益、扫描性能的理论公式；2)结合SIW透镜原理和慢波结构等，研制结构紧凑的宽带长型线源，在微波毫米波段设计大型方口径的高增益宽角度频扫天线阵。3)研究宽带双极化SIW-CTS天线阵的设计方法，并通过简便控制实现宽角度二维扫描。4)研究适应于大型方口径SIW-CTS阵列圆极化馈电网络，设计微波毫米波圆极化SIW-CTS天线阵并研究二维扫描功能的实现。通过本项目研究，为各类通信系统中设计宽带、高增益、小型化、低造价波束扫描天线，奠定坚实的理论和实验基础。

天线阵是卫星通信和定位导航、5G移动通信、雷达及军事电子对抗系统中射频前端的重要部件，当前这些无线系统不仅要求天线具有扫描功能，而且提出结构紧凑、宽带、双/圆极化及低成本等要求。本项目将基片集成波导（SIW）技术与宽带平板连续横向枝节（CTS）天线阵相结合，重点研究了五项内容并获得创新性成果。1）从等效电路出发研究了SIW-CTS天线单元基本传输及辐射性能；基于并馈阵列的方向图乘积理论，推导出了均匀串馈阵列方向图阵因子表达式和方向图估算公式，并在Mathematica软件上实现。2）基于SIW和慢波结构，提出了共面波导和共面带线馈电的宽带频扫天线阵列；基于平面H面喇叭和透镜原理，提出了平面金属栅透镜和龙伯透镜宽带馈源及简便扫描馈源；由此设计了6种创新性波束扫描天线阵。其中环形SIW-CTS阵列通过旋转平面喇叭具有360°的方位角扫描范围；沿金属栅透镜的焦平面上下移动喇叭，在11.6~14.3GHz频带内-6dB扫描范围在85°以上。3）在上述线极化波束扫描阵基础上，提出了基于波导功分、抛物反射面、龙伯透镜的双极化宽带馈源，设计了5种双极化波束扫描阵。其中，基于平面累斯莱棱镜相移超表面的低剖面平板天线阵，端口隔离度大于35dB，通过旋转CTS天线阵上方的超表面，两个极化端口在俯仰面和方位面上分别具有±40°和360°的波束扫描范围，峰值增益为17.8dBi；X/Ku宽带双极化频扫天线阵，端口隔离度大于21 dB，两个端口的波束扫描范围分别为-49° ~ +73°、-50° ~ +67°。4）在圆极化波束扫描天线阵上，本项目做了开创性的工作，提出了3种创新性天线阵列结构：基于可变倾角扫描技术和切角方形贴片的低剖面圆极化波束扫描天线阵、基于新型磁电偶极子的圆极化频扫天线阵、基于线-圆极化器的毫米波圆极化高扫描率CTS天线阵。5）本项目其它相关的创新性工作包括：双圆极化多波束反射阵天线、小型化SIW电控波束扫描天线阵、便于波束扫描的小型化半模Vivaldi天线，等等。这些研究成果可用各类无线通信系统中的宽带、高增益、小型化、低成本波束扫描天线。