考虑风向效应的高层建筑主体结构风荷载的概率分析模型研究

In the design of main frames of high-rise buildings, the design wind loads are often determined by the worst case method with load standards or wind tunnel test data, but the design wind loads afforded by this method have no clear exceedance probabilities and may be very different with the actual wind loads. It has important theoretical significance and practical value to estimate design wind load based on probability analysis. In the proposed project, the probability distributions and the directionalities of extreme wind speeds in the main cities of China will be studied based on wind data observed by meteorological department and typhoon data simulated with the Monte Carlo simulation; the aerodynamic force coefficients and aerodynamic damping ratios of high-rise buildings with typical figures for various wind directions will be studyed with high frequency force balance wind tunnel tests and aeroelastic model wind tunnel tests; the probabilistic analysis model of wind loads of main frames of high-rise buildings will be studied with the dynamic parameters of the structures and the information of the randomness and wind-directionality-effects of aerodynamic force coefficients, aerodynamic damping ratios and approching strong wind speeds; a simplified calculation method will be proposed for design wind loads of main frames of high-rise buildings with a given return period. The objective is to provide more comprehensive basic data and more reasonable basic methods for the formulating or revising of the relevant load standards.

在高层建筑的主体结构设计中，结构设计风荷载一般基于建筑结构荷载规范或风洞试验数据，利用最不利工况法思想来确定。但是，这种方法给出的设计风荷载没有明确的超越概率，可能严重偏离目标重现期的实际风荷载。基于概率分析理论确定结构设计风荷载具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本项目拟通过对气象部门的风速风向长期观测数据的分析和对台风过程的蒙特卡洛模拟，研究全国各主要城市的极值风速风向概率分布特性；通过刚性模型的高频天平测力风洞试验和气动弹性模型的同步测振测压风洞试验，研究各种典型外形高层建筑的气动力系数和气动阻尼的统计参数及其随风向的变化规律；基于强风风速、建筑气动力系数和气动阻尼的随机性和风向效应信息，结合结构动力特性参数，研究高层建筑主体结构风荷载的概率分析模型；提出给定重现期的高层建筑主体结构设计风荷载的简化计算方法，为相关建筑结构荷载规范的编制或修订提供更全面的基础数据和更合理的基本方法。

通过对气象部门的风速风向长期观测数据的分析和对台风过程的蒙特卡洛模拟对极值风速风向概率分布特性进行了深入研究，通过模型风洞试验对各种外形高层建筑的气动力和气动阻尼的统计参数及其随风向的变化规律进行了讨论，基于强风风速、建筑气动力系数和气动阻尼的随机性和风向效应信息，结合结构动力特性参数，研究了高层建筑结构风荷载的概率分析模型，提出了高层建筑结构设计风荷载的简化计算方法，为相关建筑结构荷载规范的编制或修订提供更全面的基础数据和更合理的基本方法。同时，本项目还在台风特性的实测研究、超高层建筑间的气动干扰效应、气动弹性效应和风致响应特性等多方面开展了深入研究，获得了丰富的研究成果，为相关建筑结构荷载规范的编制或修订提供了更全面的基础数据和更合理的基本方法。