在线劳动力市场雇佣决策行为形成机理、治理机制及平台外在影响的研究

Online Labor Market or outsourcing platform has profoundly changed the way people work. Consequently, a thorough study about how to enhance the matching efficiency between employers and freelancers within online labor market from bilateral decision-making behaviors, platform governance mechanisms, and its external social influence is imperative. .We first proposal a typology of online labor platforms in terms of the characteristics of platform activities and divide them into three categories. In the first category, all project transactions are carried out online. Thus, we first try to investigate decision-making process both from the employer and freelancer perspectives. We further develop and empirically confirm the conceptual theoretical model including personality trait, information transmission and performance constructs. Under the information overload context, employers and freelancers’ choices of two information process routes (i.e. the central and peripheral routes) are studied. The availability of different online management mechanisms to ensure the maximum optimization of employment resources and fairness and to eliminate discrimination decisions in the information asymmetry context is examined. We then analyze the network effect of the second and third kinds of platforms and focus on understanding the impact of platform offline activities on traditional local labor market, neighborhoods (i.e., spillover effect) and environmental pollution.

在线劳动市场深刻改变了人们的工作方式。全面研究在线平台下如何基于雇佣双边决策行为、平台内部治理机制和外部冲击，提升雇佣之间的项目匹配效率成为亟待解决的热点问题。本研究先从项目活动特征针对平台进行了三类划分。针对第一类完全以线上交易为主的平台雇佣双边的决策机制、治理机制进行了研究。建构雇佣双方性格特征、信息传递和绩效的路径模型，探索信息泛滥情况下的中心路径和边缘路径作用机制以及导致启发性思维和歧视性决策的内因，并针对各种治理机制消除歧视性决策的效果给与验证。然后对二三类以线上承接线下交易为主的活动特征和双边网络效应之间的博弈关系进行了全面的分析，然后针对这两类平台的线下活动对于当地和周边（溢出效应）就业市场的冲击和环境污染的问题构建了自然实验并进行了分析。本研究采用了深度学习算法Word2Vec，结合准实验设计等拓展了研究应用广度。对于在线劳动力外包平台、雇佣双方及社会管理者有重要研究价值。

从近年来兴起的滴滴快车、外卖平台，到在线劳动外包平台，这个被业界称为“零工经济”的新现象实实在在地带给了普通劳动者更多就业的可能性，也存在许多有着重大研究价值亟待解决的问题。本项目综合应用相关理论与方法，从理论模型构建和实证检验两个方面分析，从性格特征理论、信息处理理论和双边平台理论入手，紧密围绕新兴信息技术支持下的在线劳动力外包平台雇佣双方之间项目匹配、相互选择决策行为的机理以及社会影响展开研究：厘清了第一类在线劳动力外包平台雇佣双方所获取的信息特征，并针对可评估的信息和不可评估的信息加以准确定义和理论的区分；准确地构建和检验了雇佣双方的性格特征、信息传递和雇佣双方决策和绩效的关联假设关系；深入了解雇佣双方信息处理路径和决策机理，准确地把握启发性思维和歧视性决策的边界条件以及歧视性决策的种类和特征；对以线上承接线下活动为主的二三类劳动力外包平台如何影响着社会的经济活动和发展展开了研究。本项目结果对加速雇佣双方的非歧视性决策行为，提高雇佣项目匹配的质量和效率、制定合理的政策扶持在线劳动力市场发展、完善在线劳动力市场具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。