黔湘渝硃砂矿资源的历史流向：基于汞同位素地球化学方法的源汇关系研究

The area of Guizhou-Hunan-Chongqing is the main production region of cinnabar throughout the history in China. The cinnabar has been mined for its use in lacquerware, painting pigments as well as Chinese traditional medicine. Recent excavations provide archaeologists with notable quantities of preserved lacquerware which can be traced back to the period from Shang and Zhou Dynasties until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The lacquer with complete chorology enable us to build a fingerprint database of industrial mined cinnabar based on geochemical tracing method using mercury isotopes and trace elements. Finally, we can construct the time scale for source-to-sink relationship of the cinnabar and their migration process by comparing the data of the lacquer and mercury ore sites in the Guizhou-Hunan-Chongqing region. The results of the proposed research not only explore the significance of today's industrial and cultural heritage, but also help research mercury contamination on lake sediments at large scales.

黔湘渝地区是中国硃砂矿的主要资源产地，历史上的开采利用集中于漆器生产、中药成分以及书画彩绘等。考古发掘出土的商周以至明清漆器数量巨大，年代系列完整。通过汞同位素和微量元素等地球化学示踪的测试分析，建立不同历史时期漆器工业朱砂资源的指纹数据库，同时与该地区汞矿数据进行对比研究，建立它们之间的源汇关系和迁移变化的时代标尺，既有助于解决现实文化建设中工业文化遗产内涵发掘的重大学术问题，同时对于湖泊沉积物和大尺度汞污染行为的科学研究也具有重要参考意义。

全球汞循环已然成为今天地球化学蓬勃发展的重要研究方向之一。科学估价历史上人类行为与全球汞排放的关系，毫无疑问，是相关课题研究的应有之义。基于汞及硫同位素的湘黔渝地区汞矿资源历史流向研究这一项目，其研究内容切实如题。项目已经完成样品测试260个（套），全面完成项目设计目标。样品分布则包括万山、务川、怀化和旬阳等地汞矿；产区范围内如贵州、湘西古辰州地区考古遗址出土朱砂等。所有出土朱砂和朱漆样品时代上则从新石器时代（良渚文化、岳石文化、石峁文化等）一直到汉代，地域则广被长江、黄河两大流域的重要古代文明生长区域。在本课题支持下目前已经发表的“Investigating Human Migration and Horse-Trading in Yelang (sic) Through Strontium Isotope Analysis of Skeletons from Zhougshui Sites, South-West China (1300 bc - ad 25)”论文，内容属于与古代汞矿资源流通密切相关的川黔地区古代族群迁徙及商贸行为研究成果，为相关领域的突破性进展。主要汞同位素数据解析和论文撰写工作仍在进行中。