不等强度泄爆舱壁对战斗部舱内爆炸载荷的耗散作用与机理研究

The background of this investigation is the damage and defensive of warship hull structure subjected to the internal blast of anti-ship missile. Non-equal strength pressure-releasing bulkhead was suggested according to the characteristic of blast shock wave, quasi static pressure(QSP) and dense high speed fragments. The pressure-releasing bulkhead will break immediately subjected to the internal blast of anti-ship missile, which can weaken the pulsation and convergence effects of blast shock wave, and reduce the pressure of QSP. So can weaken the density of loading acted on the defensive structure, and achieve the aim of protecting important ship cabin. Attention was focused on attenuation and dispersion of internal blast loading of warship hull structure. Theoretical analysis, model tests and numerical analysis were planed and technologies such as high-speed photography, dynamic stress, pressure testing and structure 3D digital scan would be used, to investigate on dissipative mechanism and effects of non-equal strength pressure-releasing bulkhead subjected to the internal blast load of warhead. Reveal the combine damage effects of blast shock wave, QSP and dense high speed fragments subjected to the internal blast load of warhead. Establish their analytical model. Clarify the dynamic response, break characteristic and strength matching mechanism and their influence on the internal blast load of warhead. Establish their energy and dynamic analytical model. By these studies to explore new methods to resist internal blast inside ship hull envelope subjected to the attack of anti-ship missile, and to providing reference for study on other internal explosive problem and defensive method. These studies have important theoretical value and applying view.

以半穿甲反舰战斗部舱内爆炸的毁伤与防护问题为背景，根据舱内爆炸冲击波、准静态气压和破片群等毁伤载荷的特性，提出在舰艇舱室设置不等强度泄爆舱壁,使其在战斗部舱内爆炸载荷下迅速破损，减小内爆冲击波的脉动、汇聚效应，释放舱内准静态气压，减小作用于舰艇防护结构的载荷强度，实现保护内部重要舱室的防护目标。以耗散舱内爆炸载荷为中心，拟通过理论分析、模型试验和数值模拟，结合高速摄影和动态压力、应变测试、结构三维数字扫描等技术，研究不等强度泄爆舱壁对战斗部舱内爆炸载荷的耗散作用与机理。揭示战斗部舱内爆炸冲击波、密集破片群与准静态压力载荷的联合毁伤效应，建立其数理分析模型；阐明不等强度泄爆舱壁结构动响应过程、破损特性、强度匹配机制及其对舱内爆炸载荷的影响规律，建立其动力学和能量分析模型，探索反舰武器战斗部舱内爆炸防护的新方法，为其它领域内部爆炸问题及防护方法的研究提供参考，具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。

以半穿甲反舰战斗部舱内爆炸的毁伤与防护问题为背景，根据舱内爆炸冲击波、准静态气压和破片群等毁伤载荷的特性，提出在舰艇舱室设置不等强度泄爆舱壁,使其在战斗部舱内爆炸载荷下迅速破损，减小内爆冲击波的脉动、汇聚效应，释放舱内准静态气压，减小作用于舰艇防护结构的载荷强度，实现保护内部重要舱室的防护目标。以耗散舱内爆炸载荷为中心，通过理论分析、模型试验和数值模拟等手段，研究不等强度泄爆舱壁对战斗部舱内爆炸载荷的耗散作用与机理。揭示战斗部舱内时空演化规律与联合毁伤效应，并提出了爆炸载荷简化计算方法；阐明战斗部舱内爆炸载荷联合作用下泄爆舱壁及其连接结构的破损特性及其对舱内爆炸载荷的影响规律；并提出相对强度比的概念用于研究泄爆舱壁及其连接结构强度匹配机制。.研究结果表明，作用在舱壁上的冲击波以及准静态气压载荷呈现“双三角形”；相同爆距下，位于战斗部轴向的结构毁伤比位于战斗部径向的结构受到的毁伤效果要严重；冲击波与破片联合作用时，冲击波载荷主要引起钢板的整体挠曲大变形，而破片穿甲主要产生局部破口；加筋板的整体变形随着相对刚度的增大而减小，板格局部挠度比值随着加筋板相对刚度的增大而增大，加筋板局部吸能与整体变形吸能的比例也随着其相对刚度的增大而增大，在相同的防护效能下，所设计的复合夹芯结构重量比钢结构的重量减少60%；当相对强度比Ψ值相对较小时，增加Ψ值能较为显著地降低泄爆舱壁的吸能，随着Ψ值的不断增加，则降低吸能的效果不断减弱，并趋于平缓，因此设置泄爆舱壁时应使得相对强度比Ψ较小；局部加厚边界的结构形式一定程度上可以提高边界结构对舱壁的支撑能力，减少边界发生大撕裂破口破坏的出现概率。本课题的研究结果也可以为其它领域内部爆炸问题及防护方法的研究提供参考，具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。