气液两相混合介质对舱内爆炸载荷的衰减和耗散作用机理研究

The background of this investigation is how to defend warship hull structure against subjected to the internal blast of anti-ship missile. Gas and liquid mixed medium, which is formed by spraying water mist to ship cabin before the blast of warhead, was suggested to suppress and depress the internal blast, based on the basic principle of explosive reaction and blast wave mechanics. Interface of gas and liquid was used to attenuate blast wave. Water mist was used to absorb explosion energy, to weaken dencity of blast wave, and to reduce pressure quasi static pressure (QSP). Attention was focued on atenuation and dispersion of internal blast loading of warship hull structure. Theoretical analysis, model tests and numerical analysis were planed and technologies such as high-speed photography, dynamic stress and temperature testing would be used, to investigate on attenuation and dispersion effects of gas and liquid mixed medium on internal blast loading and its mechanics. Reveal the propagation phenomena and its influencing factor of blast wave in single and cluster of water drop. Establish macro and micro analytical model of dense blast wave propagation in gas and liquid mixed medium. Clarify the dispersal and atomization of water drop, and establish its dynamic and energy analytical model. Clarify the energy absorbing characteristic of water drop, and establish its energy absorbing model. Reveal the affection of gas and liquid mixed medium on initial dense blast wave，macro pulsation character，QSP of internal blast inside ship hull envelope, and establish their empirical model. By these studies to explore new methods to resist internal blast inside ship hull envelope subjected to the attack of anti-ship missile, and to providing reference for propagation phenomena study of blast wave in other nonuniform medium.

以反舰武器舱内爆炸的防护问题为背景，根据爆炸基本原理和冲击波传播规律，提出在战斗部爆炸前向舱室内喷射水雾，形成气液两相混合介质，利用气液两相界面衰减冲击波，利用雾滴吸收爆炸能量、削弱冲击波强度、减小准静态气压，实现隔爆和抑爆目的。以衰减和耗散舱内爆炸载荷为中心，拟通过理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟，利用高速摄影和动态压力、温度测试等技术，研究气液两相混合介质的衰减和耗散作用与机理，揭示单个水滴和水滴群中冲击波的传播现象与影响因素，建立强冲击波在气液两相混合介质中传播的宏观和微观分析模型；揭示液滴抛撒与雾化规律，建立其动力学及能量分析模型；明确液滴的吸能特性，建立其能量分析模型；明确气液两相混合介质对舱内爆炸初始强冲击波、宏观脉动特性、准静态气压的影响，建立其经验分析方法，探索反舰武器战斗部舱内爆炸防护的新方法，为其它非均匀介质中冲击波的传播研究提供参考。

以反舰武器舱内爆炸的防护问题为背景，根据爆炸基本原理和冲击波传播规律，提出在战斗部爆炸前向舱室内喷射水雾，形成气液两相混合介质，利用气液两相界面衰减冲击波，利用雾滴吸收爆炸能量、削弱冲击波强度、减小准静态气压，实现隔爆和抑爆目的。以衰减和耗散舱内爆炸载荷为中心，通过理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟，.研究了气液两相混合介质中强冲击波的传播特性，建立了冲击波与液滴作用的二维分析模型，分析了冲击波与液滴间的相互作用过程，得到了爆炸强冲击波在单个水滴中爆炸强冲击波的入射、反射和绕射等微观传播现象和在弥散分布水滴群中的宏观传播现象；研究了冲击波作用下液滴的抛撒、雾化特性及其对冲击波的耗散作用与机理，揭示了低马赫数和高马赫数冲击波与液滴作用时区域内压力变化和液滴的形态变化，给出了低马赫数和高马赫数冲击波与液滴作用的两种不同模式，提出了冲击波-液滴模型中冲击波传播的三个阶段；分析了液滴形态的变化，得到了冲击波作用下水滴尺寸及弥散特性对其压缩、破碎、抛撒、雾化的过程的影响规律，给出了液滴破碎的四个阶段；研究了爆炸载荷作用下液滴的吸能特性及其对爆炸载荷的衰减作用与机理，得到了液滴在冲击波、爆炸产物作用下的升温、汽化特性，给出了水雾对爆炸冲击波及准静态气压载荷的衰减效果，建立了其能量分析模型，阐明了其对爆炸载荷强度的影响机制；分析了空舱内爆炸载荷的时空分布特性，指出防护舱壁载荷在时间上可分为气团膨胀扩散和脉动平稳两个阶段，空间分布上可按入射角划分为正反射区和马赫反射区两个区域，得到了防护舱壁载荷的简化分析模型，拟合得到了膨胀舱压力载荷脉动平稳阶段准静态气压值的计算公式。.通过上述研究，探索了反舰武器战斗部舱内爆炸下一种新的防护方法，研究得到的冲击波在气液两相介质中的微观、宏观传播现象与分析方法，可为其它非均匀介质中冲击波的传播研究提供参考。