基础设施项目可持续建设的IPD模型与价值评价方法研究

In order to enhance the preferable development for the future, it is inevitable to carry out the sustainable construction in infrastructure projects, while the country and enterprises are faced with great opportunities and challenges. In general the micro production process and methods could determine the performance of sustainable construction, but so far a lot of problems such as "phase separation, target multiple, professional collaboration, and economic cost constraints" in infrastructure projects have not been solved perfectly, the traditional construction patterns and ways don't meet the new standards and new requirements of sustainable construction, so project integration management from planning, design, construction and operation to disposal and recycling of whole life cycle is necessary and imperative. Based on the improved "integrated project delivery (IPD)", we set up the IPD model system for the sustainable construction of infrastructure project, which breaking through the phase and professional integration, relying on the organization integration, implementing lean construction based on the BIM platform and promoting the whole value. Subsequently the lifecycle model and the process of input and output unit are built up in detail, and a set of quantitative evaluation methods and indicators are established further. With the driver of value stream in the value evaluating procedure, both result and process of sustainable construction is assessed creatively. Finally, through developing a spatially-explicit agent-based analysis framework for simulating the theoretical model and method, an intelligent decision support system and reference database for sustainable construction of infrastructure projects are designed and installed accordingly.

基础设施项目可持续建设是支持未来发展的必然选择，企业和国家在可持续建设领域都面临着巨大的机会和挑战。而微观的基础设施项目生产过程与方法决定了可持续建设的绩效，传统建设模式固有的"阶段分隔、目标多元、跨专业协作以及经济成本制约"等问题始终没有得到很好的解决，难以适应可持续建设的新标准和新要求，所以，从规划、设计、施工、运营到处置与回收的全生命周期进行项目集成管理势在必行。本课题通过拓展的项目集成交付模式（IPD），建立了基础设施项目可持续建设的IPD模型系统，从阶段和专业整合切入，依托组织集成，基于BIM平台实施精益建造（LC），全面提升价值。然后，详细构建生命周期模型与投入产出单元过程，设计了一套量化的价值评价方法和指标，利用内在的价值流驱动程序，创新性地实现了过程与结果的评价。最后，开发了一个空间直观基于Agent的分析框架，对理论模型和方法进行仿真，并建立智能决策支持系统和参考数据库。

近年来，越来越多的国家开始认识到基础设施可持续建设带来的经济增长和生产力发展机遇。以先进交通、能源、信息通讯为代表的现代基础设施系统正深刻地影响着人类的经济社会活动和空间行为，改变着我们的生活方式和价值观。随着经济和社会发展，对资源的需求量以及对自然环境的影响不断上升，社会不断演变，多元化的文化、高密度的人口、日益增长的服务需求，使得基础设施在支撑人类生活和生产系统中面临巨大挑战。而部分基础设施维护情况不佳、老化严重、运营困难、设施破败、危害健康、新建设施严重不足等诸多问题越来越棘手。因此，基础设施建设项目不能仅仅按期交付就算结束，要从长远出发，考虑其对自然资源、生态环境、经济与社会等多方面的影响，发挥可持续建设的作用。在实践中，需要在基础设施项目的规划、设计、建设、运营和维护管理过程中，创新解决传统建设模式固有的资源浪费、环境污染、经济成本制约、主体分散、阶段分隔以及缺乏跨专业协作等问题，适应可持续建设的新标准和新要求。本课题从微观层面分析基础设施项目可持续建设和运营管理的关键要素及重要问题，创新基础设施项目可持续决策与管理，探讨了可持续建设原理及其影响，构建了较为完整的基础设施项目可持续建设的IPD模型与价值评价方法。通过这些方法体系，能够在不同的尺度下进行近期、中期和长期考虑，优化基础设施项目精益建造的单元过程与界面管理，驱动从规划、设计、施工、运营到处置与回收的内在价值流，持续不断地实现过程与结果的集成。进而把可持续发展理念充分融入到项目决策与建设全生命周期过程中，引导科学投资、建设与运营，最大化减少对自然资源的消耗和对环境的负面影响，确保基础设施项目成为新时代人民生活质量的增长点和发力点，构筑绿色资产，实现项目与人类生存和社会发展和谐相处。