The supersolid theoretically predicted is a novel state of matter. M.Chan team deny supersolid He they found in the year 2004 because the experimental configuration of porous vycor glass disc is imperfect. The optical lattice is an idea experimental platform free of impurities and defects, therefore, exploring the new types of supersolid in the optical lattice is of theoretical and experimental significances to revealing the quantum laws such as the mechanism of existence of supersolid and the phase transitions. At present, supersolid is explored in soft- core or hard-core, multi-component, pair tunneling extended bose-hubbard models and spin systems , in which three mechanisms are discovered: order by disorder, doping and without doping. In order to find new types of supersolid and their mechanisms, in this project, we plan to search supersolid with new properties of tunneling in extended bose-hubbard models, which include frustrated pair tunneling, three-body tunneling and spin-flip tunneling extended bose-hubbard models. The method we use is self-improved Quantum Monte Carlo method with Density Matrix Renormalization Group method and Gutzwiller mean-field method serving as supplementary methods. We preliminary at the early stage find the evidences of the frustrated-pair tunneling supersolid and three-body tunneling superfluid and the scheme to simulate bosons with spin-flip tunneling.The research results will promote the development of more precise mean-field methods and guide for understatnding and detecting novel states of matter such as supersolid in optical lattice experiment.
理论预言的超固体是一种新奇物质态。Chan小组否定其04年发现的氦超固体,原因是多孔玻璃盘实验装置不理想。光晶格是无杂质无缺陷的理想实验平台,在光晶格中的冷原子系统中寻找新型超固体,揭示其存在机制、相变等量子规律具有重要理论和实验意义。目前人们主要在软硬核、多组分或配对扩展的玻色哈伯德模型和自旋系统中研究超固体,并总结出三条超固体形成机制:有序无序、掺杂和无需掺杂。为了寻找新超固体并探索其存在机制,本项目拟模拟含新隧穿特征的玻色哈伯德模型:阻挫配对隧穿、三体隧穿和自旋翻转隧穿玻色哈伯德模型。我们运用的方法是自行改进的量子蒙特卡罗方法,辅助以密度矩阵重整化群和Gutzwiller平均场方法。在前期预研究中,我们发现阻挫配对超固体和三体隧穿超流体的存在证据,并找到自旋翻转隧穿玻色子的模拟方案。本申请项目的研究结果将促进发展更准确的平均场方法,有助于理解超固体并指导光晶格实验探索超固体。
寻找新的超流、超固体等新奇量子相并揭示其机制,是当前凝聚态领域重要课题之一。研究含两体、三体和自旋翻转隧穿玻色哈伯德模型是寻找新类型的超流和超固体的重要途径。此项目运用量子蒙特卡罗方法、平均场方法和密度矩阵重整化群方法,模拟一维二维晶格上含配对隧穿、三体隧穿以及三体off-site隧穿玻色哈伯德模型、扩展的Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard模型和任意子Hubbard模型,给出了各种系统的基态相图以及新型超流、超固体相的特征。①给出三角晶格中配对超固体存在范围机制(有序无序机制),只有三体限制时候,才能出现配对超固体。②利用Schrieffer-Wolf变换,推导出含三体隧穿和密度依赖隧穿的玻色哈伯德模型。在特定参数条件下,系统具有稳定的三体超流,其关联函数衰减行为和缠绕数具有三聚体特征。密度依赖隧穿项影响了超流绝缘等相变类型;③引入相互作用后,当三体相互作用W和三体隧穿参数J 的比例W/J取12时,一维晶格不存在三体超流。配位数更大的晶格,比如二维正方或三维立方晶格,三体超流超流存在范围更大;引入最近邻排斥相互作用,三角晶格中系统存在三体超固体,机制为量子涨落打破三聚体和准三聚体之间的简并;④研究了含off-site三体隧穿项的玻色哈伯德模型,根据计算的关联函数和动量分布,发现三体超流在软核玻色哈伯德模型是稳定的,在硬核中不稳定。此外研究还发现了部分off-site三体超流相;⑤提出了一种含集团权重的点渗流模型,设计了一种基于集团演化的蒙特卡罗方法,测量了几个重要的物理量包括热学临界指数yt,分形临界指数yh,发现点随机集团的普适类和棒随机集团的普适类完全一致,且数值和理论值符合的很好。⑥研究了扩展的Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard模型,发现了粒子(空位)激发超固体。⑦研究了任意子Hubbard模型,在赝费米子极限,发现了一种动量分布凝聚于非零值的任意子超流相,以及部分配对超流相。我们的研究对拓展超流、超固体的新类型,探索其形成机制和普适性,理解大量微观粒子的低温集体行为,提供了重要路径。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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