西部传统生土建筑抗震性能的技术解析研究

After thousands of years of evolution, the traditional soil building had congealed many crystallization of wisdom. So it is of great significance to analyze and quantify the construction experience. This project is based on the typical rammed earth wall - timber frame structure in the west, and carries out systematic research on the construction experience quantification, seismic mechanism interpretation and optimization strategy. The construction technique and structural parameters of the measured seismic structure are investigated, and the probability distribution of structural parameters is analyzed and the reasonable value interval is determined. Furthermore, the restoring force model of rammed earth wall and wooden frame and the synergetic effect of rammed earth wall and timber frame were tested, and the seismic mechanism of rammed earth wall and timber frame was explained. The influence of different structural parameters on the seismic performance of rammed earth wall and timber frame structure is analyzed by means of the model of rammed earth wall and timber frame and suitable simulation method. And then, the equivalent elastoplastic slanting rod - frame model of rammer wall - timber frame is proposed, and the method of seismic response simplification is proposed. Based on seismic hazard investigation and simplified analysis method, the performance level and performance index are clarified, and the theory and method of seismic evaluation based on performance is established. At last, series of integrated optimization strategies based on traditional experience and modern technology are proposed. The research results accord with the national sustainable development strategy demand, which can provide reference and basis for the promotion of the construction of the western soil and the formulation of relevant standards.

传统生土建筑在千年演变中凝结了大量人类智慧的结晶，对其进行科学的解析、量化具有重要意义。本项目以西部典型的夯土墙-木构架结构为研究对象，围绕其构造经验量化、抗震机理阐释和提升优化策略开展系统研究。调查实测震存结构的构造技术和结构参数，统计分析构造参数的概率分布形式，确定合理取值区间。基于试验建立夯土墙-木构架协同作用恢复力模型，阐释夯土墙与木构架协同抗震机理。明确夯土墙与木构架传力模式及适宜的数值模拟单元类型，进一步数值分析不同构造参数对夯土墙-木构架结构抗震性能的影响规律。理论分析提出夯土墙-木构架的等效弹塑性斜压杆-排架模型，进而提出地震反应简化分析方法。基于震害调查和简化分析方法明确性能水平和性能指标，建立基于性能的抗震评估理论与设计方法。提出基于传统抗震经验和现代构造技术的集成提升优化策略。研究成果符合国家可持续发展战略需求，可为西部生土建筑的推广和相关标准的制定提供参考和依据。

生土建筑是一种古老的建筑形式，具有就地取材、热稳定性好、调湿隔热等优异的性能，尤其在以绿色可持续发展和乡村振兴的战略背景下，生土建筑的生态性和地域风貌性必将展出现新的生机和活力。但是，生土材料固有的水敏性，以及力学性能和耐久性不足却严重限制了其应用。因此，对生土结构进行分析和性能提升开展研究具有重要意义。为此，本项目围绕生土基材料改性、安全性评价和新型生土建筑性能分析等开展了研究，主要包括：. 针对传统生土材料改性以大量添加水泥、石灰和矿物掺合料等会增加建筑能耗、影响生土复垦性的不足，提出基于新型纳米材料氧化石墨烯和水泥的协同作用来改性生土材料，从而提高生土基材料的耐水性、力学性能等。研究表明，氧化石墨烯可激发水泥水化反应，在适宜掺量下（0.09wt%）可显著降低水泥用量，明显提升生土基材料的耐水性和力学性能。. 针对既有生土建筑安全性评价难以量化的问题，建立了以地基基础、承重系统和围护系统为二级指标的层次分析法，并基于熵权法对评价模型进行修正，创建一种新的生土建筑安全性评价方法，实现对生土建筑更为准确的安全性评估，对生土建筑针对性修复加固等提供理论支撑和技术参考。. 针对新型的钢框架与生土墙结构，基于有限元分析，创建了钢框架与生土墙协同作用的数值模型，并对其抗震性能进行研究。结果表明，内置生土墙可使钢框架与墙体协同工作，提高结构整体的水平承载力和侧向刚度，减小框架承担侧向荷载的比例，防止框架过早形成塑性铰，从而提高结构的抗震性能。增大宽高比或减小宽厚比，均可提高结构的初始刚度和水平承载力。增大生土材料的抗压强度对结构的初始刚度影响较小，但可以延缓结构的刚度退化，提高结构的水平承载力。. 相关成果对既有生土建筑安全性评估和生土材料的改性以及结构性能提升具有一定的参考价值和科学意义。