大气二氧化碳高分辨率红外谱段探测方法与关键技术研究

The detection and study of the atmospheric environment is a hot topic of common concern in the earth and space science community.With the growing trends of global warming, the spaceborne infrared hyperspectral detection techniques for the monitoring of greenhouse gases has become a hot research with international concern. One viable technology roadmap can be explored by researching the atmosphere carbon dioxide high-resolution infrared spectrum detection method for China's spaceborne carbon dioxide detection equipment development and the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration detection, inversion of atmospheric composition distribution of information,and the foundation can be established for the realization of the scientific objectives of the Earth greenhouse gas monitoring. The project utilizes semiconductor cooling InGaAs infrared detector and one new method of focal plane calibration based on the temperature compensation and the infrared narrowband filter, and develops the low-noise, low temperature drift, high signal-to-noise ratio infrared focal plane system fitting for the spaceborne high-resolution carbon dioxide infrared spectral detection. Compared with the foreign existing detection method of using mechanical cryogenic refrigeration HgCdTe infrared detector, the system can avoid the stringent requirement for low temperature environmental conditions, and with the features of small , lightweight, large dynamic range, etc. This research may provide the theoretical and technical basis for the realization of China's spaceborne carbon dioxide detection equipment developed and applied in the field of atmospheric remote sensing space, and have important application value and research significance for the China's space environment exploration.

大气环境探测和研究是地球和空间科学界共同关注的热点课题，随着全球变暖趋势的不断加剧，针对温室气体监测的星载红外高光谱探测技术已成为国际关注的热点研究。开展大气二氧化碳高分辨率红外谱段探测方法研究，可以为我国研制星载二氧化碳探测仪进行大气二氧化碳浓度探测，反演大气成分的分布信息探索出可行的技术路线，为实现地球温室气体监测的科学目标奠定基础。本项目提出利用半导体制冷InGaAs红外探测器及采用基于温度补偿红外窄带焦平面标定的新方法，开展适于星载高分辨率二氧化碳红外谱段探测的低噪声、低温漂、高信噪比红外焦平面系统研究，与国外现有采用机械深低温制冷HgCdTe红外探测器进行探测的方法相比，避免了对低温环境条件的苛刻要求，具有小型化、轻量化、动态范围大等特点。本课题研究可以为实现我国星载二氧化碳探测仪研制并在空间大气遥感领域的应用奠定理论和技术基础，并对我国空间环境探测具有重要的应用价值和研究意义。

针对温室气体监测的星载红外高光谱探测技术已成为国际研究热点。开展了高分辨率二氧化碳光谱探测方法研究，通过分析CO2吸收光谱和数据反演精度要求，确定中心波长和光谱带宽。进行了二氧化碳探测光学入瞳能量和信噪比的分析和估算。开展了大气二氧化碳探测涉及的红外焦平面关键技术研究，研制了低温漂、高信噪比InGaAs短波红外焦平面系统。搭建了红外焦平面系统辐射定标试验装置。针对探测二氧化碳吸收谱线的观测特点，改进常规的盲元补偿和非均匀性校正算法，以保证获取的吸收光谱数据准确性。重点研究和解决了短波红外焦平面系统探测器后端焦平面电子学的低噪声处理、温度稳定性、通道间串扰对最终红外探测信号质量的影响。InGaAs短波红外焦平面系统信噪比达到100：1以上，最高信噪比达到1000:1以上。探测器后端焦平面电子学在±25℃环境温度范围内50%左右量程量化DN值水平上方差仅为0.5，两通道间的实际串扰影响仅为0.002%-0.005%，具有非常高的温度稳定性和通道隔离度。构建了红外窄带滤光探测器辐射标定光学系统，获取了InGaAs短波红外探测器不同响应、不同温度、不同积分时间的辐射定标数据，寻求建立有效的适用二氧化碳光谱探测的盲元补偿和非均匀性校正算法，验证了低功耗制冷水平下InGaAs短波红外焦平面系统替代机械深低温制冷HgCdTe红外探测器适于大气二氧化碳短波红外吸收光谱测量的可行性。项目研究成果为我国星载二氧化碳探测仪的研制积累了相关经验，奠定了一定的理论和技术基础。