基于光测法的移动副界面接触状态演化及粘滑机理的实验研究

At present, there are some defects in the model of kinematic pair considering friction and pre-sliding during stick-slip motion. The imperfection of the model leads to imperfection of dynamic model and unreality of performance prediction for the mechanism, which severely restricts dynamic analysis and design of the precision mechanical system. This project plans to develop an experimental setup to obtain the evolution of interfacial contact state of prismatic pair made from the transparent material during stick-slip motion by mean of the optical measurement method. The evolution of contact state in the interface of transparent solid materials during the process of stick-slip motion is studied by using the testing system, and the relationship among the normal force, tangential force and loading velocity and the distribution characteristics of real contact asperities as well as real contact area are analyzed. The conditions of stick-slip motion and property of the contact region are obtained. Furthermore, mechanism of stick-slip motion caused by friction can be figured out. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the model of a prismatic pair with clearance will be established, considering the pre-sliding during the stick-slip motion. Accurate prediction and evaluation of dynamic performance of the typical mechanisms with clearance is carried out, which provides theory and method for dynamic design of the precision equipment. This project will promote development of theory of multibody mechanism considering the interface stick-slip, which is of great significance to improve the level of design and dynamic analysis of the advanced equipment.

目前运动副模型对粘滑过程中摩擦力和预滑移表征还很不完善，导致对实际机构动力学性能预测的失真，这严重制约着高端装备中精密机械系统动力学分析和设计水平的提高。本申请拟研制基于光测法的移动副界面粘滑摩擦动态观测实验系统，提出基于光全反射原理的移动副粘滑过程中真实接触状态的实验测试方法及图像识别方法。研究透明固态材料界面粘滑运动过程中接触状态的演化，分析粘滞-预滑移-滑动过程的法向力、切向力和加载速度与真实接触微凸体分布特征和真实接触面积之间的关系，得到移动副干摩擦下粘滑运动出现的条件，以及由摩擦引起的接触区粘滑性质和粘滑机理。基于实验分析结果，建立考虑计及预滑移的粘滞-滑动的含间隙移动副模型，实现对考虑粘滑的含间隙机构动力学特性的精确预测及性能评估，为解决精密装备的动态设计提供理论和方法。本项目将推动考虑粘滑的多体机构动力学的发展，对提高高端装备的设计与动力学分析水平具有重要意义。

探究机构中运动副接触界面粘滑行为的变化规律，是力学、机械工程、航空航天领域亟待解决的重要课题。本项目发展了面向运动副复杂工况下的运动副粘滑摩擦测试技术和界面微凸体接触特征演化过程的图像处理技术，研制了基于全反射光学测试原理的斜面摩擦副界面预滑移过程的真实接触状态实验测试系统、基于光全反射原理的透明材料移动副粘滑动态测试系统、应力分布可控的界面切向刚度实验装置、基于光学原理的球-面接触切向刚度实验装置和多功能间隙运动副动力学测试平台，通过实验再现了真实粘滑过程中界面接触状况，分析了界面变形、滑移速度与摩擦力之间的关系，揭示了运动副界面粘滑特征。建立了描述运动副粘滑过程的数学模型，以及考虑轴向间隙的旋转副、移动副、圆柱副等三维运动副模型，给出了接触模式的判别方法。引入多维切比雪夫多项式和信息熵理论，提出了考虑不确定参数的含间隙机构动力学建模方法及其性能评价方法，建立了考虑粘滑和间隙的机构动力学分析理论框架。本项目理论成果已应用于解决工程实际问题。项目执行期间，发表 SCI 检索论文 14 篇，授权发明专利8 项和实用新型专利1项，培养博士生4名，博士后3名。项目组人员举办国内学术会议1次，参加国际学术会议3次、国内学术会议3次，做学术报告5次，其中特邀报告1次。应用研究成果“星箭连接分离装置力学特性预示及分离冲击减缓方法与技术”获中国振动工程学会科学技术二等奖。项目的研究成果已应用于日本三菱重工公司(Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd)委托项目 “接触界面切向刚度试验分析与预测”和北京中技克美谐波传动股份有限公司委托项目“谐波减速器动态性能演化规律观测与分析”。