不同地理环境下农业创新体系的演化机理与构建对策研究

Constructing agricultural innovation system is an effective way to solve the bottleneck problems in Chinese current agricultural development. However, there are less specialized studies on agricultural innovation system. Because of the defect of the existing macro agricultural technology innovation system, the decline in efficiency of agricultural technology and the fatigue of agricultural innovation in China, it takes a very important role that studying on how to build a micro-regional sustainable agricultural innovation system. Based on the formation background of agricultural innovation system and the relationship with the agricultural cluster, This project firstly analyzes the evolution process of agricultural innovation system in micro- region, from the three levels of innovation actors, innovation networks and innovation environment; Secondly, Taking the successful agricultural clusters in diffierent geographical environment in China as examples, based on the field survey, combining the theory and techniques of social network analysis (SNA) with regression analysis, this project explores that how the different actors achieve collaborative innovation of the five innovation dimension in the local environment through their knowledge network, using the evolution thinking of 'Five-in-one' of Enterprises(households), Industry(organizations), Technology, Institution and Space; Thirdly, it constructs the index system to evaluate the performance of the agricultural innovation system of the case clusters, and refines the key local influencing factors on the sustainable running of agricultural innovation system; At last, it comes up with the countermeasures for the constructing of agricultural innovation system. This project aims to provide theoretical guidance and decision-making reference for Chinese agricultural areas to cultivate agricultural innovation system, upgrade agricultural clusters, increase agricultural innovation capacity and food production capacity.

构建农业创新体系是解决我国当前农业发展中瓶颈问题的有效途径。而目前国际文献对农业创新体系的专门研究较少。针对我国农业宏观科技创新体系存在缺陷、技术效率下降、创新乏力等重大问题，研究如何构建微观区域农业创新体系并使之持续健康地演化具有重要意义。本项目在对我国农业创新体系形成背景及其与集群关系分析的基础上，以不同地理环境下成功农业集群为案例，通过实地调查，采用社会网络分析法，利用企业（农户）、产业（组织）、技术、制度和空间"五位一体"的演化分析思路，从创新主体、创新网络和创新环境三个层面分析农业创新体系的演化过程；揭示各主体如何在本地环境下通过创新网络实现五大创新维度上的协同创新机制；拟定指标体系对案例集群创新体系绩效进行评价，提炼影响创新体系持续运行的关键因子，提出构建对策。通过本项目的研究，以期为中国典型农业区构建农业创新体系、升级农业集群、提高农业创新能力提供理论指导和决策参考。

构建农业创新体系是解决我国当前农业技术效率低下、创新乏力等瓶颈问题的有效途径。本项目在对我国农业创新体系形成背景及其与集群关系分析的基础上，利用企业（农户）、产业（组织）、技术、制度和空间"五位一体"的演化分析思路，从创新主体、创新网络和创新环境三个层面分析农业创新体系的演化过程；揭示各主体如何在本地环境下通过创新网络实现五大创新维度上的协同创新机制；拟定指标体系对案例集群创新体系绩效进行评价，提炼影响创新体系持续运行的关键因子，提出构建对策。研究提出，微观区域农业创新体系的形成是农业产业集聚和集群发展到一定阶段的产物。农业创新体系结构的演化包括创新主体的组织演进、主体间知识产业链延伸与创新网络的形成、及其与区域环境在技术、制度和地域空间上的协同演化。这可以从农业创新视角黄河流域农业文明的历史进程来得到验证。农业集群内创新主体的组织演进一般经历了农户庭院化种植、联户规模化种植到企业化经营的转变过程，农户组织创新是农户内生能力、外部网络关系、政府拉动和市场推动等四个方面相互作用的结果。农业创新体系中创新网络的形成与演化是由农业集群的知识基础决定的。企业衍生、创新溢出与多维邻近性是微观区域农业创新体系演化的核心驱动机制，并带来创新主体、创新网络和创新环境三者的协同演化，而地方-全球网络中处结构洞位置的企业是农业集群创新的关键。创新主体类型的多样性、创新网络的发育及创新环境的营建共同影响着农业集群创新体系的创新绩效，尤其是混成组织的成熟度、产学研合作和政府资助项目数等指标影响显著。最后，本项目对如何构建绿色农业创新体系、新型农业经营体系和技术推广体系提出了建议和对策，并将研究成果运用于乡村振兴、精准扶贫、区域协调和现代农业的理论研究与发展实践中，具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。