In 2018, new born child was reduced about 2 million compared with 2017, and this phenomenon was related with the increased age of pregnancy women even under the policy of Fully Open Second Birth in our country. There were lots reasons causing women infertility, among them, abnormal placenta development is the major contributor. Recently, scientist from UK and Austria successfully constructed the trophoblast organoids which could recapitulate the developmental program of the early placenta and produce mature syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts. However, the mechanism under the differentiation of trophoblast stem cell is still need to be elucidated. In this project, we plan to build the trophoblast organoids culture and differentiation system for the purpose of investigating the cell type and epigenetic change during trophoblast organoids differentiation via various sequencing methods, such as scRNA-seq, WGBS, ATAC-seq and chip-seq. In general, this project can solve the spatial and temporal cell heterogeneity inside the trophoblast organoids, and pave the road for abortion/abnormal placenta development in vitro diagnosis.
我国新生儿数量在2018年首次出现大规模减少(200万),该现象在我国全面放开二胎政策的大环境下出现,与育龄妇女年龄的逐渐延后有着密切的关联。造成育龄妇女不孕和流产的因素有很多,胎盘发育异常是占比较高的病因之一。近期,英国和奥地利科学家在早期流产样本中分离和成功制备了滋养层类器官,并证实了该类器官具有分化成合体滋养层和绒毛外滋养层细胞的能力,但是未进一步的探究类器官在分化过程中的分子机制和表观修饰路径。为此,我们拟在早期流产样本建立类器官的基础上,通过单细胞测序、atac-seq、WGBS和chip-seq测序手段来分析类器官内细胞的组成、滋养层前体细胞向合体滋养层和绒毛外滋养层细胞分化过程中产生的中间类细胞以及双向分化过程中的表观修饰过程。该项目预期能够模拟早期胎盘的形成的细胞变化过程,以及深入地阐释滋养层前体细胞的分化过程,为流产和胎盘发育异常的诊断奠定细胞学基础。
人滋养层细胞谱系是由早期发育阶段的胎盘人滋养层干细胞分化产生的。 然而,单细胞水平的人滋养层干细胞的双向分化分子路线图仍然未经绘制。 在本研究,我们应用 scRNA-Seq(单细胞转录组测序),结合 scATAC-Seq(单细胞转座酶可及染色质测序)和 Stereo-seq(空间增强分辨率转路组学测序-空间转录组测序)技术,通过三维滋养层类器官模型剖析人滋养层干细胞的起源、异质性和分化。首先,基于妊娠早期胎盘绒毛和原代滋养细胞类器官的单细胞分析,我们推断静息期的ITGA6+ 细胞滋养层细胞 (ITGA6+/TP63+ CTB) 为人滋养层干细胞。 然后我们安好时间顺序进行滋养层类器官体外分化的采集和单细胞测序。进而描述了多转录因子参与的人滋养层干细胞谱系分化过程。 此外,我们还证实了人滋养层干细胞在绒毛组织和滋养层类器官中的分布,并且证实了其后代的分布与其功能密切相关。 此外,人滋养层干细胞的异位异种移植也再现了2种特化的滋养层细胞,即产生了可以分泌 hCG (人绒毛膜促性腺激素)的合体滋养层细胞 (STB) 和 HLA-G+ 绒毛膜外滋养层细胞 (EVT)。 最后,我们证明 Akt 和 ERK 信号抑制对 1 周分化的滋养层类器官表现出复杂的、多层次的影响,包含并不限于细胞形态、组成和转录特征的改变。 总之,我们构建了双能人滋养层干细胞谱系分化的单细胞分子图谱。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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