碳纳米管与微生物共代谢降解典型新关注微污染物的耦合作用机理研究

Emerging micro-pollutants can pose direct or potential threats to aquatic ecosystem and human health, and recently microbial co-metabolism technology has been paid more attentions for the removal of these emerging micro-pollutants. The limiting factors for this micro-metabolism process majorly include the reaction drive force due to very low concentration of emerging micro-pollutants in water and the extracellular electron transfer ability of microorganisms. Regarding these two issues, in this project we are planning to introduce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the microbial co-metabolism system in order to enhance the removal of emerging micro-pollutants. The coupling mechanisms of CNTs on the microbial co-metabolism process will be investigated including enrichment of micro-pollutants and acceleration of microbial extracellular electron transfer. The degradation pathways and kinetics of emerging micro-pollutants as well as the evolvement of microbial community will also be studied. A structured mechanism model will be developed to better understanding the coupling process between CNTs and the microbial co-metabolism. Additionally, various functional modification methodologies of CNTs will be investigated to explore the possibility of manipulate this coupling process and further enhance the removal of emerging micro-pollutants. The results from this project are expected to provide theoretical fundamentals and technical support for the applictions of microbial co-metabolism especially on the removal of emerging micro-pollutants.

水环境中的新关注微污染物对水生生物和人类健康构成了直接或潜在的威胁，利用微生物共代谢法去除新关注微污染物引起了较为广泛的关注。然而，由于新关注微污染物浓度非常低，导致共代谢关键酶转化污染物的反应推动力不足。另外，提高微生物的胞外电子传递能力被认为在强化微污染物共代谢降解方面具有重要的作用。针对这两个问题，本项目拟向微生物共代谢体系中引入碳纳米管介质，分析碳纳米管富集典型新关注微污染物的特性，解析其参与电子传递过程从而提高目标污染物降解的微观作用模式，研究碳纳米管对共代谢降解途径及降解动力学的影响，揭示共代谢微生物群落结构组成的变化规律，综合分析碳纳米管与共代谢反应的耦合作用机制，在此基础上构建机理性模型并建立新关注微污染物的强化去除方法。该项目的研究结果将为提高微生物共代谢体系中新关注微污染物的去除效率提供新的思路和理论依据。

针对水环境中微生物去除有机污染物效率低的问题，本项目以碳纳米材料作为关键介质，明晰了碳纳米材料对有机污染物硝基苯化学还原转化的作用机理，阐明了碳纳米材料石墨烯和生物炭材料耦合厌氧微生物降解有毒有机污染物硝基苯的强化机制，建立了碳纳米材料强化生物或化学还原降解有机污染物偶氮染料的构效关系，发展了碳纳米材料改性强化降解有机污染物的调控新方法，解析了N元素掺杂碳材料加快电活性微生物胞外电子传递强化有机污染物去除的机理。项目的研究结果为微生物体系中有机污染物的高效去除提供了较为重要的理论依据。该项目实施4年以来，相关研究成果已经在Environmental Science & Technology Letters、Water Research等国际SCI源刊物上发表论文22篇；授权中国发明专利2项，申请中国发明专利4项；培养了2名博士和2名硕士毕业生，另有 1 名博士生和1 名硕士生即将毕业。