基于分布式滚动时域优化的梯级水利枢纽过闸/翻坝混合运输调度

Cascaded hydro projects are common in the major inland waterways of China. The dams have become the main bottlenecks of transportation although they raised the waterways'class. It's quite necessary to improve the cross-dam throughput. One of the key means for this purpose is feasible and efficient shipping scheduling.The difficult mainly comes from not only the integrated controlling to vessels flow among multiple dams scattering alone waterway, but the coordinated development of comprehensive water resources benefits. The most special characteristic is that cross-dam portage has the potential of being major diversion transport of shipping because it occurs more and more frequently in the cascaded hydro projects.So, dynamic shipping scheduling of cascaded hydro project will be studied based on the analysis of comprehensive utilization water resources and materials hybrid transportation. Taking cascaded Three Gorges and Gezhouba water-control projetcs for an study object,the proposal will be concentrated on the hybrid shipping scheduling model, evaluation system and distributed coordination dispatch mechanism for cascaded hydro projects under the framework of distributed rolling horzion procedure and space-time coupled bin-packing. Then the lockage scheduling, decision-making mechanism and induced model of hybrid transportation of though-dam lockage and cross-dam portage will be established. Finally, the optimal control of integrated lockage scheduling will be solved. The research achievements will enrich the transportation dispatch theory of inland shipping and provide theoretical basis and technical support for solving the difficult problem of though-dam lockage and cross-dam portage for cascaded hydro-junction.

梯级水利枢纽广泛分布于我国内河水域，在全面提升航道等级的同时造成了过坝运输瓶颈，水利枢纽过坝运输扩能成为当务之急，实施通航优化调度是关键。其难点在于不仅要针对大坝分散排布结构特征解决多枢纽间过闸船舶流耦合调控，还要考虑梯级枢纽水利综合效益协调发展的整体要求。经陆路翻坝转运现象在梯级枢纽水域愈见普遍，已成为过坝航运主要分流措施。因此，项目从水资源综合利用和物资混合运输角度对梯级水利枢纽航运动态优化调度展开探索性研究。以三峡-葛洲坝梯级枢纽为背景，拟基于实证分析和系统仿真，在分布式滚动时域优化和时空耦合装箱模型框架下研究梯级水利枢纽船舶过闸/翻坝转运混合运输调度模型、评价体系和分布式协同调度机制，并通过建立船闸运行调度和翻坝转运行为决策机理及诱导模型，继而解决梯级水利枢纽运输流整体优化调控方案。项目成果将丰富内河航运交通调度理论，为系统解决梯级水利枢纽过坝运输调控难题提供理论基础和技术支撑。

本项目采用多学科交叉研究方法对梯级水利枢纽过闸翻坝混合运输调度问题开展系统深入研究，以探索在具有翻坝通道的梯级水利枢纽航运体系中实行过闸∕翻坝混合运输调度的普适性规律和基础理论。针对过闸∕翻坝混合运输调度问题运营目标多元化以及NP难子问题耦合特征，项目以连续、离散以及组合优化等先进理论方法为基础，借助混合整数线性规划和多目标智能计算等优化工具，结合问题分解集成等分析手段，重点对过闸∕翻坝混合运输调度问题进行了以下几个方面的研究和探索：（1）提出了基于禁忌搜索的多重顺序排船算法用于求解船闸调度问题；（2）针对梯级水利枢纽多船闸分布式特征，构建了梯级多船闸联合调度多目标数学模型；（3）提出了用于求解多目标连续优化问题的基于正交设计的多目标非支配排序遗传算法并结合提出的时间-面积分配算法用于求解梯级多船闸联合调度问题；（4）构建了考虑翻坝意愿的过闸翻坝混合运输调度问题的混合整数线性规划数学模型，并结合三峡实际历史通航数据提出了该问题的测试算例，同时应用求解器Gurobi对模型进行了测试与分析，结果验证了模型的可行性；（5）提出了基于模糊逻辑控制的量子二进制智能群优化算法用于求解0-1组合优化问题；（6）将过闸∕翻坝混合运输调度问题分解为含有过闸调度和泊位调度子问题的0-1组合优化问题，并提出了一套基于模糊逻辑控制、禁忌搜索以及自适应大邻域搜索的混合启发式算法用于求解该问题。最后通过实例的数值仿真计算以及对比分析，验证了基于模糊逻辑控制的智能优化方法以及混合启发式算法的高效性。项目发表了一系列高水平学术论文，培养了博士和硕士研究生，取得的理论成果为过闸调度、泊位调度以及过闸∕翻坝混合运输调度提供了刚性优化与柔性决策依据。