反应蒸馏过程的非线性分析及其控制

Reactive distillation has attracted most attentions from scholars and engineers at home and abroad and become one of the key problems in the chemical engineering process because of its advantages as well as the potentional applications.In this project we will investigate the dynamics of several classes of typical reactive distillation process.The difference of the different forms of bifurcations as well as the dynamical behaviors of different models will be explored in details, and the dynamical evolutions with the variations of the parameters will be analysized and different types of nonlinear phenomena as well as the bifurcations will be presented to explore the mechanism of the complexity. With the analysis of different forms of quiescent states and the spiking states as well as the possible bifurcation forms related to mathematical models with multiple scales, different forms of oscillations, and specially, bursting oscillations will be presented. Bifurcations at the transition between the quiescent states and the spiking will be deternined to investigate the complexity as well as the mechanism with the interactions between different scales. The dynamical characteristics of the reactive distillation systems with different forms of controllers is discussed to optimize the parameters, based on which the controlling scheme are designed. From the three aspects as theoretical analysis, numerical simulations as well as the experiments of the models, the dynamics of the reactive distillation process is investigated to explore the dynamical behaviors as well as the occuring mechanism, which can be used to serve for many aspects related to the process of reactive distillation, such as the development of the process, the experiments, the design of the column as well as the control of the operations.

由于反应蒸馏过程的优势和发展潜力，受到了国内外学者和工程技术人员的广泛关注，成为了当前化工过程的集成化领域的热点课题之一。本项目深入探讨几类典型的反应蒸馏体过程的动态特性，考察不同模型的各种分岔行为及其所导致的动态特性之间的区别，分析反应蒸馏体过程随各种参数变化的动力学演化过程，讨论系统的各种非线性现象及其分岔机制，进而揭示体系各种复杂现象的机理。研究不同尺度耦合体系的各种沉寂态和激发态的形式及其可能相应的分岔模式，给出体系各种振荡尤其是簇发振荡行为，确定快慢转换时的各种分岔特性，揭示不同尺度作用下的复杂性及其产生机制。讨论不同控制模式下几类典型的反应蒸馏体系动态特性，进行相应的优化设计，并设计相应的控制方案，从理论分析、数值计算、模型实验三方面分析反应蒸馏体过程的动态特性，揭示各种动态特性及其相应的产生机制，为反应蒸馏的过程开发、实验研究、工程设计和生产操作及控制等多方面提供理论服务。

具有广泛应用背景的化学蒸馏过程，往往涉及不同时间尺度之间的耦合，导致系统产生非常丰富的动力学特性，受到国内外学者的广泛关注。而由于传统的非线性理论无法直接用来解决不同尺度之间的相互作用，因此，如何深入探讨不同尺度耦合导致的复杂行为及其产生机制成为当前非线动力学性理论及工程应用的热点和前沿课题之一。本项目针对几类典型的化学反应模型，重点考察存在不同尺度耦合时系统的复杂性及其产生机制，进而发展不同尺度耦合系统的非线性动力学理论，为实际工程应用提供理论支撑。本项目的主要内容包括：..（1）.提出了频域两尺度耦合的分析方法，也即当周期激励频率远小于系统的固有频率时，可以将整个周期激励项视为慢变参数，从而得到系统随慢变参数变化的分岔曲线。为揭示随慢变参数的分岔对于系统复杂动力特性的影响规律，提出了广义相图的概念，通过系统随慢变量变化的平衡曲线和系统广义相图的叠加，可以揭示系统不同簇发振荡的产生机制。.（2）.基于快慢动力学分析的基本思想，提出了适用于多慢变量的包络分析法。其基本思想是，将某一慢变量视为分岔参数，分别考察其他慢变量在极值处时的平衡曲线及其分岔特性，从而形成包络线，并将这些包络线与系统振荡轨迹叠加，揭示不同簇发振荡的本质及其产生机制。同时，提出了奇异摄动快慢分析方法，也即在快子系统的分岔点处，通过摄动方法将各慢变量展开，得到在分岔点处各慢变量之间的相互关系，进而将系统转化为单一慢变量问题，以揭示系统的复杂振荡及其产生机制。.（3）.针对几类典型的快慢耦合反应系统，如铂族金属表面内外层反应速率存在量级上的差异，BZ振荡反应中存在不同量级的反应速率等，利用上述的分析方法，得到了诸如Hopf分岔、Cusp等情况下系统的簇发振荡及其分岔机制，并进一步考虑存在周期微扰下系统的复杂动力特性，揭示当周期激励频率远小于系统的固有频率，也即存在频域不同尺度耦合时系统的各种簇发振荡及其产生机制。