Nearly half of human genome is comprised of transposons. Transposon control is extremely challenging because the host must distinguish diverse elements from protein coding genes and selectively silence the former. Mutations in the piRNA pathway often result in dramatic transposon overexpression and consequently render the organism completely sterile. Germline specific Piwi protein and its associated piRNAs are essential in transcriptional silencing of transposons. However, we do not understand the mechanism by which piRNAs induce transcriptional silencing. Our recent work identified Panormaix (Panx) as the missing link between the piRNA pathway and general silencing machinery (Science, 2015). Taking advantage of the powerful RNA-tethering system, I propose to tackle some of the fundamental problems listed below: 1) How Piwi/piRNA recruits Panx; 2) How Panx recruits downstream silencing machinery. Not only will the proposed study likely uncover the mechanism by which piRNAs induce heterochromatin formation, but also provide important clues to understand various human infertility diseases.
人类基因组中接近一半的序列是由转座子组成,如何选择性沉默这些转座子是遗传解码过程中的一个核心问题。生殖细胞中特异表达的Piwi蛋白以及其结合的一类非编码小RNA(piRNA)在转座子转录沉默中起着不可替代的核心作用。而piRNA通路基因的突变通常导致动物不孕不育。但是,Piwi/piRNA沉默转录的分子机制还不是十分清楚。我们最新的研究发现Panoramix(Panx)是连接piRNA通路和转录沉默机器的核心蛋白(Science,2015)。该工作为进一步深入研究其分子机制提供了一个强大的系统。本申请项目将以果蝇生殖细胞中的RNA拴住为模型,将着重解决以下两个问题:(1)Piwi/piRNA如何招募Panx;(2)Panx如何招募下游的异染色质形成机器。项目研究获得结果将揭示piRNA诱导的异染色质形成机制,也将为理解多种人类生殖相关疾病的致病机理提供重要线索。
利用建立的生化分子技术以及生信分析平台,我们深入探讨了果蝇中生殖细胞特异表达的核转运因子(NXF)家族蛋白Nxf2在piRNA通路中的作用。研究发现Nxf2可以影响转座子的表达,并且对Panx介导的转录沉默是必须的,同时其能与Nxt1(P15)以及Panx形成三元复合物,并通过竞争性结合阻止Nxf1(又叫TAP,是介导mRNA出核的经典接头蛋白)与核孔互作,从而导致了转座子新生RNA在核内的滞留。首次证明PANDAS(Panoramix-dNxf2 dependent TAP/p15 Silencing)复合物的存在,并提出了RNA介导异染色质形成的新理论,即阻断新生RNA出核在调控异染色质过程中起核心作用,并为将来研究其它RNA介导的表观遗传调控提供指导意义
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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