电动汽车无线充电系统互操作性及其优化控制关键问题研究

With the continuous development of electric vehicles and wireless power transmission technologies, the realization of interconnection and interoperability between wireless power transfer systems for electric vehicles, is the key to popularize the application of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles charging in the public domain. Interoperability requires the standards-compliant equipment on the ground could wireless charging for any on-board device safely and stably. At present, the coupling mechanism and compensation structure of the wireless charging system for electric vehicles are usually developed by various agencies independently, while the different mechanism and compensation networks are difficult to achieve efficient energy transmission. Thus, in order to realize the interoperability of wireless charging system for electric vehicles, there are numerous technical and scientific problems to be perfected and studied urgently..In this paper, based on the different coil structures and compensation network parameters, by analyzing the influence of coil offset on electric vehicles wireless charging efficiency, asymmetric coil coupling mechanism, on-line identification of the reflected impedance independently of the circuit topology, compensation network design and system modeling are studied. A robust predictive control method of the wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles charging is proposed, realize the interoperability of different structure and efficient energy transmission. And the paper provides a favorable reference for the establishment of wireless charging interoperability standard.

随着电动汽车及无线电能传输技术的不断发展，实现电动汽车无线充电系统间的互联互通，满足互操作性是该技术的关键基础问题和发展的瓶颈。互操作性要求实现符合标准的任意地面设备可给任意车载设备安全、稳定的无线充电。为了提高无线充电的能效，系统地面部件常与车载部件、补偿拓扑等配合研发，而目前对于不同车载部件与不同地面部件之间的互操作性研究较少。因此在实现电动汽车无线充电系统的互操作性上，还有大量的科学问题及技术问题亟待研究与完善。.本课题以不同线圈结构拓扑、补偿网络参数选择为出发点，研究线圈偏移等因素对EV无线充电效率的定量影响，找到非对称磁耦合机构间互操作机理，提出不依赖明确电路拓扑的在线反射阻抗辨识及一般性系统建模方法。提出预测控制算法，自主构建并实现面向参数未知结构且具有系统鲁棒性的无线充电优化控制系统。为实现互操作性提供建模方法、能效及频率控制策略，并为我国无线充电互操作性标准制定提供参考。

电动汽车无线充电互操作性问题是解决不同厂家地面端设备和车载端设备之间相互兼容、互联互通，已保证系统安全、高效的进行无线充电。. 本课题分析互操作性的机理，搭建无线充电系统场路耦合模型，提出一种基于电路二端口阻抗来评价电动汽车无线充电系统不同线圈结构间互操作性的方法。主要针对相同的电路补偿方式、不同的线圈结构之间的互操作性的评价方法进行研究，分别定义了Z_VA和Z_GA阻抗接口，推导出阻抗接口公式，得到系统中的车载设备和配套地面端设备耦合时的参考阻抗区域Z_GA，通过检测待测接收线圈与参考发射线圈耦合产生的阻抗区域占参考阻抗区域的大小来评价不同形状线圈之间的互操作性。定义互操作系数来对不同结构线圈之间的互操作性进行评价。并在此基础上提出用来表征系统互操作性的三参数：车载端回路失谐因子ξ、互操作性特征阻抗δ、地面端阻抗实部Re(Z_GA)，可实现不同车辆端与地面端互操作性的评价。并通过仿真与实验验证了互操作性评价方法的正确性。. 基于LCC-LCC型无线充电系统通过定义归一化角频率1/A、系统类品质因数Q、Q_f实现系统方程的去量纲化及简化；对化简结果进行分析，提出一种基于频率调节提升系统互操作性的方法，并搭建了3.7kW大功率电动汽车无线充电实验平台进行验证，结果表明该方法可在较宽范围内实现互操作性的提升，证明了该方法的可行性。本课题的研究对电动汽车无线充电互操作性评价提供理论基础并具有指导作用。