土地征收的福利效应与政策优化研究：以农户分化为视角

How to balance the relationship between the differentiation of farmers and the homogeneity of policy are the unavoidable theoretical and practical problems in the reform of the land expropriation system in China. The purpose of this study is to reveal the influence mechanism of land expropriation on the welfare change of farmers, investigate the difference rule of the welfare changes of different types of farmers, analyze the difference of the effects of land expropriation compensation policy on the welfare changes of different types of farmers, and explore the path of Welfare Promotion of different types of farmers. We choose the rural areas of three areas to carry out our research: the first one, Nanning, which is the third batch of land expropriation system reform pilot; the second, Yulin(Beiliu), which is one of 33 rural land reform pilot cities in China; and the third, Fangchenggang, which is the important base of industrial transfer in the East of our country. The idea of this study is to set up the conceptual framework of farmers' feasible ability, and form a detailed list of farmers' welfare constitution, and establish index system of farmers' welfare evaluation before and after land acquisition based on the perspective of farmers' differentiation. And we adopt the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, double difference model, Hansen regression model and case analysis method as the research methods. The unique research perspective, special geographical location, and the pilot study of land requisition compensation and resettlement in the research area show the characteristics of this study. And the research conclusions will provide a scientific basis for the local government to build the dynamic guarantee mechanism for the diversification of the land expropriated farmers, and to ensure the long-term livelihood of the farmers

如何平衡农户分化与政策同质化之间的关系，是我国征地制度改革中不可回避的理论和现实问题。本课题旨在揭示土地征收对农户福利变化的影响机理，考察不同类型农户福利变化的差异规律，分析征地补偿政策对不同类型农户福利变化影响的差异性，探讨不同类型农户福利提升路径。调研区域选择：一是我国第三批征地制度改革试点南宁市；二是我国33个农村土地制度改革试点城市之一的玉林市（北流）；三是我国承接东部产业转移重要基地防城港市。在研究思路和方法上，基于农户分化视角，构建农户可行能力的概念框架，形成农户福利构成详细清单，建立征地前后农户福利评价指标体系。采取模糊综合评价法、双重差分模型法、Hansen回归模型法与案例分析法。独特的研究视角、特殊的地理区位，加之调研区域在征地补偿安置实践中先行先试取得的经验，彰显出本研究项目特色。研究结论将为地方政府构建被征地农户多元化的动态保障机制，保障农户长远生计提供科学依据

1.1 研究背景.农户异质性导致农户分化为不同类型农户（纯农户、Ⅰ兼农户、Ⅱ兼农户和非农户）。在我国，尽管各地征地补偿标准存在差异，但至少同一村庄会执行同样的标准，对不同类型农户的生存和发展尚缺乏考虑。那么，如何平衡“农户异质”与“政策同质”的关系，提升政策绩效，是征地制度改革中需要亟待解决的理论和现实问题。.1.2 主要研究内容.一是土地征收对农户福利变化的影响机理：不同类型农户的考察。二是征地前后不同类型农户福利变化评价。三是被征地农户福利变化影响因素分析。四是被征地农户福利提升的差异化路径研究。.1.3 重要结果.（1）土地征收对农户福利产生影响。农户总体福利水平的模糊指数从征地前的0.144上升到征地后的0.165，升幅14.58%。.（2）农户分化导致征地前后不同类型农户福利变化形成差异。纯农户和Ⅰ兼农户组别的模糊评价值从0.135提升到0.159，升幅17.78%；Ⅱ兼农户组别的模糊评价值从0.157提升到0.167，升幅6.37%；非农户组别的模糊评价值从0.141提升到0.166，升幅17.73%。.（3）不同类型农户的家庭收入水平与征地前后农户福利变化之间存在门槛效应。门槛估计值分别为：8.642和48.852，处于95%置信区间，在1%的统计水平上显著。.1.4 关键数据及其科学意义.1.4.1 关键数据.一是研究相关的宏观数据，如全国农村固定观察点调查数据；二是通过调研获得研究所需要的征地补偿安置数据，包括南宁、玉林、防城港等9个地市自然资源与农业农村部门调研数据；三是南宁市农户调查问卷数据。.1.4.2 科学意义.科学意义包括两个方面：一是揭示土地征收对农户福利变化的影响机理。基于土地产权、土地功能与农户福利的关系，分析土地征收对农户福利变化的影响。在分析农户异质性特征的基础上，分析土地征收对不同类型农户福利变化的差异。二是丰富和发展了森的可行能力理论的学术内涵。以森的可行能力理论为基础，构建农户可行能力的概念框架，形成被征地农户福利评价指标体系，使福利测量范围从“个人”拓展到“农户”，对森的可行能力理论的发展形成贡献。