化学驱工艺下水平井携砂油气水三相流流动参数测量方法研究

Most onshore oil fields in china have been in the mid-later stage of development programming, so chemical flooding should be used to improve the recovery rate. Two new phenomena "solid folk particle enrichment, sand carrying, high fluid viscosity" and “the coming gas “often appear in wellbores, especially in horizontal wells.” Sand carrying and high viscosity" leads to the failure of the commonly used measurement method based on the velocity of moving parts. And “the coming gas “leads to inaccuracy of the measurement of liquid phase. These bring new problem to the logging. To solve this problem, a new method based on the thermal tracing and the measurement methods based on array conductance are put forward. In this project, we simulate horizontal sand carrying oil gas water three-phase flow to reveal the flow characteristics and dynamics. Sand carrying three-phase flow PIV experiment is carried out to reveal the dynamics of complex networks in phase space. The rule of tracer diffusion is studied and heat tracing parameters is optimized to revolve the response mechanism of the probe on the heat and extract transit time, the flow measurement model. The electric field distribution of gas and water three-phase flow in horizontal wells is studied to explore the response mechanism of water conductivity, optimized the conductance sensor, explore the rule of fiber response, establish the fiber parameters, and form the optimal array ,in order to make the measurement model established. This project provides an effective method for the dynamic monitoring of chemical flooding wells, and provides reliable data for oil well water plugging and profile control，in order to achieve accurate development.

我国陆上油田多已进入开发中后期，为提高采收率，需采用化学驱和水平井技术，井筒常出现“固体絮状物颗粒富集、携砂、流体粘度高”和“出气” 两种新现象，在水平井中尤为明显。“携砂、粘度高”导致常用的基于可动部件流速测量法失效，“出气”导致液相测不准，给测井带来新难题。针对该难题，提出基于热示踪的流速测量法和基于阵列电导-光纤持率测量法。仿真水平携砂油气水三相流流动，揭示流动特性与动力学演化规律，开展携砂三相流PIV实验，揭示相空间复杂网络动力学规律；研究示踪热扩散规律，优化热示踪参数，探索探头对热响应机理，提取渡越时间，建立流速测量模型；研究水平井内携砂油气水三相流电场分布，探索电导对水响应机理，优化电导传感器，建立探针Zemax模型，探索光纤响应规律，确立探头参数，形成最优阵列，建立持率测量模型。课题为化学驱油井动态监测提供有效手段，为油井堵水、调剖提供可靠测量数据，从而实现精准开发。

目前我国陆上油田大多已进入了开发中后期, 长期注水开发，地层压力降低，原油脱气严重，油井普遍出现低产液、高含水与三相流共存的状况，且新探明储量60%-80%皆为低渗透储量，单井产量低。为提高采收率，需采用化学驱和水平井技术，井筒常出现“固体絮状物颗粒富集、携砂、流体粘度高”和“出气” 两种新现象，在水平井中尤为明显。“携砂、粘度高”导致常用的基于可动部件流速测量法失效，“出气”导致液相测不准，给测井带来新难题。针对该难题，提出基于热示踪的流速测量法和基于阵列电导-光纤持率测量法。具体如下：. (1)本项目采用仿真水平携砂油气水三相流流动特性和PIV观测相结合的方法，将相空间云图和速度分布云图的片段作为节点，用片段间的相空间距离或者相关系数作为网路节点的度，从而将时空序列映射到复杂网络中，构建化学驱水平井内油气水砂多相流流动演化复杂网络，以Lemple-Ziv和近似熵两个测度和聚类分析为工具研究油气水砂的流动特性，揭示流动特性与动力学演化规律。.(2)利用FLUENT对热示踪流速测量仪的热源形状和材料、热敏电阻探头的安装位置和热源加热功率进行了数值模拟，并对其进行了实验验证。通过数值模拟得到了水平井热示踪流速计的最佳参数为：热源材料为铝、形状为矩形，热敏电阻探头与热源距离为200 mm，热源的脉冲加热功率为350W，并根据仿真制备热示踪流速测量。实测结果表明，仪器在水平井0.0491-0.491 m/s流速下测量结果表现出良好的重复性，系统误差小于3.9%，重复性为2.6%，流速的测量精度不受持水率和含砂率的影响。.(3)制作了基于的阵列电导-光纤持率的持率测量仪，油水相持率测量精度不低于3.2%，气相精度高于3.8%。.本项目为化学驱产出井生产动态监测提供有效手段，为油井压裂、堵水、调剖等提供可靠的测量数据，为油藏动态开发与调整、剩余油评价、油藏动用状况评价等提供基础数据，从而实现“精准开发”。