金属表面聚芳烃润滑层的构筑及磨损自修复机制

In view of the poor interfacial adhesion and wear failure of lubrication layer on the surface of drilling tools, the project proposes to explore the method of in-situ polymerization on the metal forming interfacial interlock bonding. One design concept of one polyaromatic composites with the three properties of strong interface adhesion, self-lubricating and self-healing is proposed to solve the wear failure of drilling tools. Towards solving these problems, firstly, the interfacial interlock structure between polymer and metal is to be produced by controlling microreaction space and designing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons molecules interfacial copolymerization. In addition, the evolvement rules of linking-superposition-aggregation process of the cross linked aromatic hydrocarbon network are to be analyzed, and the related self-healing theoretical models are also established. In the end, the corresponding relationship between excellent wear self-healing and strong interfacial adhesion is also established. Thereby, this project establishes the theoretical foundation for the engineering application of the polyaromatic-based lubricating composites.

针对套管等金属钻具润滑层界面粘附性差与磨损失效的问题，本项目基于聚芳烃材料优异的自润滑性能，探索其金属表面原位聚合互锁成键方法，提出一种界面强粘附、自润滑及磨损自修复作用于一体的新型聚芳烃基润滑层的设计思想。鉴于此，首先，调控金属表面微反应空间分布，优化多环芳烃分子金属界面共聚反应，创建聚芳烃与金属界面互锁成键结构；其次，探究聚芳烃润滑层粘附-滑移特性及芳烃交联分子网络的连接-叠合-聚集演变规律，揭示芳烃分子聚集形态与磨损自修复效应的构性关系，建立相应的自修复理论模型；最后，实现优异磨损自修复性能和较高界面粘附性协调统一，为聚芳烃基复合润滑材料的工程化应用奠定理论基础。

针对我国中西部陆地深层油藏复杂地层条件，大斜度井、大位移井及丛式井等钻采技术迅速的发展起来，与传统的直井钻井技术相比，其钻井周期长、摩阻大、工况条件苛刻等特点，造成套管等钻具严重磨损，由此，创制一种保护金属钻具表面的有效方法及关键新材料已经刻不容缓。本项目以严重过剩的重质渣油资源为原料，利用渣油基聚芳烃材料优异的自润滑性能，探索其金属表面原位聚合互锁成键方法，制备出一种界面强粘附、自润滑及磨损自修复作用于一体的新型聚芳烃基润滑层。首先，研究激光刻蚀处理工艺对金属膜表面微结构形貌的影响规律，建立活性多环芳烃聚合微反应空间，在此基础上，调控活性多环芳烃金属表面原位聚合及界面互锁成键特性，构建强粘接性复合润滑层；其次，明确润滑层粘附-滑移特性，初步构建相应磨屑和转移膜自修复理论模型；建立环境水、氧气等有害物质向金属表面吸附曲线，揭示改性蒙脱土纳米材料对润滑层阻隔性及表面润湿性作用机制，获得金属表面阻隔保护性，最终实现金属钻具在油气开采中苛刻工况条件下高效使役特性的技术创新。