面向多用户协同的民航应急救援虚拟演练关键技术研究

Civil Aviation accidents have attracted extensive attention for its considerable social and political impact. This project is motivated to investigate the key technology on multi-users coordination-oriented emergency virtual drill of civil aviation, including virtual emergency scene simulation, emergency plan deduction, emergency drill control, and comprehensive evaluation. Human reaction factor is introduced, and for the multi-users coordination in virtual drill, the sub-detail scene modeling and integration method is proposed based on temporal and spatial change character, achieving dynamic high fidelity virtual scene. The complex knowledge network model of emergency plan is established. Matching method for emergency plan deduction rule based on fuzzy expert knowledge is designed to fulfill the fuzzy deduction of emergency plan in virtual drill. Agent-based virtual avatar and user action test algorithm driven by multi-source data are proposed. In order to achieve multi-event mixed emergency drill control, the comprehensive measure algorithm for virtual drill is provided, taking the multi-user collaboration and its uncertainty into account. Comprehensive evaluation index system for emergency drill of civil aviation and the entropy weight model based on user action data are provided to fulfill the evaluation. The research of this project will provide necessary theory and experiment foundation for the development of civil aviation emergency drill system with own independent intellectual property.

民航事故因其较大的社会和政治影响而受到各界广泛关注。本课题研究面向多用户协同的民航应急救援虚拟演练场景构建、预案推演、进程控制和效果评价。引入人员应急因子概念并面向多用户协同应急演练需求，提出基于应急事件时空演变规律的虚拟演练分细节度场景模型及整合方法，实现高逼真度虚拟演练场景动态呈现；提出民航应急救援预案的复杂知识网络模型构建方法，并设计基于模糊专家知识的预案推演规则匹配方法，实现虚拟演练中应急预案的模糊推演；设计由多源数据驱动的参演人员虚拟化身Agent及人员行为检测算法，并考虑多用户人机交互和协同的不确定性，提出虚拟演练进程控制综合测度算法，实现虚拟演练中多事件混合进程控制；构建民航应急救援虚拟演练主、客观综合评价指标体系,设计基于用户响应数据的层次熵权模型，实现虚拟演练效果综合评价。本课题成果将为研发具有自主知识产权的民航应急救援虚拟演练平台提供必要理论支撑和实验依据。

本项目对面向多用户协同的民航应急救援虚拟演练关键技术展开研究，主要涉及虚拟演练场景构建、预案推演、进程控制、效果评价以及验证平台研发。主要成果如下：（1）场景构建方面。设计了民航应急救援虚拟演练场景分层次建模及模型整合方法，以宏观灾害场景、救援督导场景、救援现场场景三个不同细节度模型方案实现三维场景建模并实现场景模型整合；考虑民航应急事件多致因及涉及的典型气象环境，采用粒子系统实现应急救援现场特效及衍生灾害场景特效。（2）预案推演方面。设计了将应急处置文本预案转化为数字化预案的基本方法，给出了规范化的应急预案本体建模基本流程，提出了一种基于虚拟现实技术的民用机场应急预案推演方法。（3）进程控制方面。从时间同步和数据分发两个方面来进行应急救援虚拟演练进程控制设计；设计了基于时间步长推进和事件驱动相结合的混合逻辑推进方式；设计了基于应急小组角色匹配关系的应急救援虚拟演练仿真进程数据分发管理方法。（4）效果评价方面。从整体性评价和岗位单兵评价两个维度来展开应急救援虚拟演练效果评价。设计基于时间约束的任务完成度模型来开展虚拟演练效果的整体性评价；建立了基于轨迹异常检测的应急救援虚拟演练岗位单兵效果评价模型。（5）平台研发方面。研发了民航应急救援虚拟演练关键技术验证平台，并在行业相关单位进行试用。项目研究成果可为实现高性价比、常态化的民航应急救援虚拟演练方式提供理论支持。