中国缨翅目高级分类单元的修订与系统发育研究

As one of the most important pests, Thysanoptera is a kind of hyperpaurometabolous insect with a pseudo-pupa stage, and it is the important link between complete metamorphosis and hemimetamorphosis. It has a relatively important position in the history of the evolution of insects. In Thysanoptera, alpha taxonomy in China has basically completed. However, an impeccable and compellent classification system is still wanting. The confusions result from "loss-apomorphy", application of phenotypic character states in reconstruction of the phylogenesis, division of taxon only based on single biologic character states, and overlapping of character states, badly hamper the development of taxonomic study in Thysanoptera. A revision of higher taxon and study of the phylogeny in Thysanoptera are urgently required. Based on our previous work, we try to revise the higher taxon, make out the phylogenetic relationships, and reconstruct a system that reflects the natrual evolutionary history of Thysanoptera with integrateing data from morphological, ultrastructural biologic, and DNA characters. If the program carries out succussfully, it will contribute to the identification and taxonomy of Thysanoptera of China and the whole world, and even the study of phyletic evolution in zoology.

缨翅目Thysanoptera是重要的农林害虫之一，是一类具有伪蛹阶段的过渐变态昆虫，是联系半变态和全变态的重要纽带，在昆虫的系统发生史中，拥有相对重要的地位。中国缨翅目的α分类基本完成，但仍缺乏完善的令人信服的分类系统，"衍征缺失"所导致的分类系统混乱；表型特征在系统发育构建上的应用所导致的属上归类的混乱（任意不相关阶元的集合现象）；仅依据单一生物学所进行的系群划分很难被接受；特征交叉和重叠。这些严重制约了缨翅目分类研究的发展，亟需进行高级分类单元的厘定与系统发育研究。本项目在多年研究的基础上，基于形态和形态超微结构、生物学以及DNA序列等特征，对缨翅目高级单元进行重新划分和修订，探讨其系统发育关系，建立符合缨翅目进化历史的自然分类体系。本项目的实施，对于中国和世界缨翅目昆虫的分类和鉴定，以及系统进化动物学的研究，具有重要意义。

本项目的研究属于基础理论研究，在过去的四年中，作者主要做了以下几个方面的工作：① 缨翅目分类单元的订正；②中国缨翅目昆虫新种和新记录种的描记；③应用Paup*4.0 b10，结合 Treeview (Win32) 分别对中国蓟马科和管蓟马科昆虫进行了系统发育研究；探讨了蓟马科和管蓟马科高级阶元的进化关系；建立了较为合理可靠的系统发育图谱；对建立的分类系统进行了进一步的验证和补充；④分析了中国蓟马科和管蓟马科的地理分布；⑤通过基于线粒体基因COI和核基因28S、H3基因片段对蓟马科25个属的分子系统发育进行研究。