深部开采的岩石（体）声发射/微震特征研究

Due to the limitations of model tests and numerical simulations, and rapid attenuation of high-frequency acoustic emission (AE) signals in rock mass, it is essential to use low-frequency AE technique to monitor and estimate the stability of rock engineering. The unreasonable sampling frequency and frequency response range of monitoring device will result in incomplete AE signals. According to these incomplete AE signals, the low-frequency AE characteristics of rock mass cannot be understood clearly, and the monitoring and estimating accuracy of AE will thus be influenced greatly. In this project, by using the servo-controlled high-pressure rock testing machine, the uniaxial compression tests on 6 kinds of typical rocks will be performed with and without seepage, respectively. The AE device with the adjustable sampling frequency of 10 kHZ-10 MHz, low-frequency broadband sensor (0-10 kHz) and high-frequency broadband sensor (10 kHz-300 MHz) are used to sample AE signals automatically. The suitable sampling frequencies for high- and low-frequency AE can be determined for each kind of rocks. Then this sampling frequency can be used to study the low-frequency response range, statistical characteristics of time sequence of rocks, and the variation in dominant frequency after rock failure. The influence of seepage on rock mass during deep mining are studied. In terms of the AE sampling frequency and frequency response range, the AE characteristics in rock failure process are monitored and the AE forecasting mechanism for rock mass failure is studied, which will greatly improve the AE prediction accuracy.

因模型试验和数值仿真对岩体的局限性，加上高频声发射（AE）在岩体中传播时衰减迅速，应用低频AE监测评价岩体工程的稳定性不可缺少，甚至是唯一不可替代的技术。监测仪器的采样频率和频响范围不尽合理，导致接收的AE信号不全，对岩体低频AE特征认识不清，严重影响了AE监测评价的准确率。本项目将在伺服控制的高吨位岩石试验机上分别单轴压缩加渗流和不加渗流的六类代表性岩石，同时应用10kHZ-10MHz的采样频率可调的AE仪、0-10kHz的低频宽频传感器和10-300kHz的高频宽频传感器自动采集AE信号，研究确定每类岩石合适的AE低频和高频采样频率；然后在该采样频率下分别研究各类代表性岩石的低频频响范围及时序统计特征，岩石破坏的主频变化特征；并静态涨裂深部开采的渗流影响岩体，利用律定的AE采样频率和频响范围，监测现场岩体破坏全过程的AE特征，探索岩体失稳的AE预报机制，大幅度提高AE预报准确率。

因模型试验和数值仿真的局限及高频声发射(AE)在岩体中传播时衰减迅速，应用低频AE/微震(MS)监测评价岩体工程的稳定性不可缺少。监测仪器采样频率和频响范围不尽合理，导致接收的AE/MS信号不全，对岩体AE/MS特征认识不清，严重影响了AE/MS监测评价的准确率。本项目综述岩石(体)的若干AE/MS 特征及仪器采购与调试，提出了完整的试验方案。并结合前期研究成果，提出小秦岭井巷工程的岩爆控制方案及2种新型的采空区处理方法。