大口径天文望远镜机架驱动并联控制技术研究

Internationally, more and more mount drive of large-aperture telescope are adoptting direct drive of segmented linear motors. It leads to complicacy of driving technology of the telescope. The technology of parallel control can improve the reliability of telescope's mount driving, ensure the system work continuity, decrease the power capacity of single driving module and simplify the high-power telescope's mount driving. Muti-driving module paralleled technology can share the load power. It leads to significant decreasing of current in power devices , reduce the burden of power devices and simplify the driving circuit.Paralleled driving technology avoids the halt caused by traditional break down of single driving module and 'cold Starting' issue under redundancy control. It can ensure that when some driving module break down, the other driving module can still work continuously.The module will work at high-power state and support for hot plugging .Developing paralleled control technology research of large-aperture telescope's mount driving, can achieves the of high precision tracking control technique. Ensure that the astronomy technology of China stay at the international advanced level. Also it can achieve the high-performance parallel inverter technology, which is widely applied in the power system of important area, such as, power,aviation and military. Finally, it have significant meaning of paralleled technology of inverted power in solar energy, wind energy and etc.

国际上越来越多的大口径天文望远镜机架采用拼接式直线电机直接驱动，导致望远镜机架驱动技术越来越复杂。机架驱动并联技术不仅能提高望远镜机架驱动的可靠性，保证系统不间断工作，同时可减小单个驱动模块的功率容量，使大功率望远镜机架驱动简单化。多个驱动器模块并联，分担负载功率，功率器件的电流大大减小，降低功率器件负担，简化驱动电路。并联驱动技术使望远镜机架在工作过程中某个驱动模块出现故障其它模块继续工作，且暂时工作在大功率状态，支持热插拔，避免传统的单个驱动器模块故障停机的现状、或所谓的冗余控制时的"冷启动"问题。开展大口径望远镜机架驱动并联控制技术研究，不仅可实现大口径望远镜机架精密驱动跟踪控制技术，使我国在天文技术方面走在国际前沿水平；同时可实现高性能的并联逆变电源技术，在电力、航空及军事等重要领域供电系统中有广泛应用，另外在太阳能、风能等逆变电源并联技术方面也有重要意义。

目前国际上越来越多的大口径天文望远镜机架采用拼接式直线电机直接驱动，望远镜光学系统的平稳运行要求电机有较低的转矩脉动及齿槽转矩，从而导致望远镜机架驱动技术越来越复杂。为弥补我们国家在这方面技术的不足，中科院南京天文光学技术研究所先后建成了2.5米和4.2米拼接弧线电机直接驱动平台，由于我们国家在大口径天文望远镜机架直接驱动方面还没有成熟的技术可借鉴，开发相应的驱动控制平台实现大口径天文望远镜跟踪控制的需求迫在眉睫。鉴于此，本项目借助现有的平台研究了单相电源逆变及其并联驱动技术，三相逆变驱动控制系统及三相逆变并联驱动控制系统，比较了正弦脉冲宽度调制（spwm）和空间脉冲宽度调制（svpwm）算法，实验结果表明spwm算法更适用于低速运行的大口径天文望远镜驱动控制系统，在该并联驱动条件下可满足拼接弧线电机驱动大型望远镜低速运行要求。同时该项技术在电力、航空及军事等重要领域供电系统中有广泛应用，另外并联技术在新能源应用方面也有一定的参考价值。