爆破地震波传播中的多普勒效应与振动主频偏移机制

The frequency spectrum characteristics of blast-induced vibration are of great importance in the field of evaluation and control of blasting seismic effects. This project aims to develop the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism and law of blasting vibration spectrum. For this purpose, this project studies the Doppler Effect of blasting seismic waves and Doppler shift mechanism of dominant vibration frequency by combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test. In precise time-delay blasting, the initiation time and the generated wave path of each individual blasting source are different, which leads to the relative motion between blasting source and monitoring point. The Doppler Effect is caused by the relative motion. Based on the seismic wavelet theory, a spatiotemporal superposition model of blasting vibration is established. And a physical and mathematical model of Doppler Effect of blast-induced vibration is proposed according to the spectral analysis of the spatiotemporal superposition model. Then the Doppler Effect of blasting seismic wave is studied and the Doppler shift mechanism of dominant vibration frequency is revealed. The influencing factors of dominant vibration frequency are investigated. In the end, a prediction model of dominant vibration is proposed. A principle for optimization of blasting design is put forward based on the control of blasting vibration spectrum. The achievements of this project provide theoretical and practical guidance for blasting seismic effect controlling, which has wide prospects in hydropower and mining engineering.

爆破地震波传播过程中的振动频谱特性是爆破振动影响评价与控制领域的重要课题。本项目以电子起爆条件下爆破振动频谱时空演化机制与规律研究为主线，采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法，研究爆破地震波传播中的多普勒效应与振动主频偏移机制。针对精确延时爆破引起的运动爆源，基于爆破地震波传播中的子波理论，建立爆破振动时空叠加模型；通过爆破振动频谱分析，构建爆破振动多普勒效应物理力学模型，研究多普勒效应对爆破振动主频的作用规律，揭示爆破振动主频的偏移机制；研究爆源参数与起爆方式对爆破振动主频的影响规律，建立爆破振动主频的预报模型，提出基于爆破振动频谱控制的爆破参数优化方法。研究成果可为爆破振动频谱调控提供理论依据与技术支持，在水利水电和采矿工程等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

精确延时爆破作为高效经济的重要施工措施在水利水电和采矿等大型工程中广泛应用。本项目以控制爆破地震危害效应为主线，在考虑电子起爆中多爆源不同时激励条件下，研究了爆破振动频谱时空演化机制与规律问题中涉及到的诸多理论和技术问题，阐述了基于爆破振动频率控制的爆破设计优化的实际需求与工程应用，以提高电子延时爆破施工安全性与可靠性。基于将爆源分解为多个子爆源叠加的思想，项目研究了电子起爆条件下钻孔爆破振动频率的衰减规律，分别建立了子爆源时空叠加的理论模型和爆破振动频率预测模型，系统分析了不同起爆方式和延时等影响因素对振动频谱的作用规律，深入探究了多普勒效应对爆破振动频率的作用规律，推导了多普勒椭圆，量化了多普勒效应引起的主频偏移，提供了电子起爆中减小爆破地震危害效应的起爆方案优化方法。